ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2021
Sex differences in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia: A new window to executive and behavioral reserve.
Open access · hybridAbstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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46citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.5field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of progranulin concentrations in biofluids in over 7,000 people-assessing the pathogenicity of GRN mutations and other influencing factors.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Pooled it
- Clinical Clues to the Diagnostic Yield of Genetic Testing in Adults With Late-Onset Behavioral Change.Neurology. Genetics · 2026Article
- Sex differences for clinical presentations and co-pathologies in four-repeat tauopathies.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Incidence and Survival Rates of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: Population-Based Registry Study.Neurology · 2026Article
- Patterns and Trajectories of Behavioral and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Frontotemporal Dementia and Primary Progressive Aphasia.Neurology · 2026Observational
- Evaluating the correspondence of neuropsychological profiles with clinical diagnostic criteria for frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Alzheimer's disease: insights fromFrontiers in dementia · 2026Article
- Educational attainment and sex modulate clinical outcomes in genetic frontotemporal dementia.Brain communications · 2026Article
- The impact of sex on clinical profiles of patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Cognitive Reserve in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A 2-[European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Diversity-sensitive brain clocks linked to biophysical mechanisms in aging and dementia.Nature. Mental health · 2025Article
- Sex differences in frontotemporal dementia.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Article
- Glymphatic activity in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia: Link with vascular function and astrocytic activation.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Twenty years of therapeutic development in tauopathy mouse models: a scoping review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Sex differences in clinical phenotypes of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the clinical manifestation of autosomal dominant frontotemporal dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the executive and behavioral reserve of autosomal dominant frontotemporal dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Serum neurofilament light is superior to glial fibrillary acidic protein to distinguish sporadic frontotemporal dementia from late-onset primary psychiatric disorders: a retrospective DIPPA-FTD study.BMJ neurology open · 2025Article
- Sexually dimorphic differences in angiogenesis markers are associated with brain aging trajectories in humans.Science translational medicine · 2024Article
- Frequency and Longitudinal Course of Behavioral and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Participants With Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia.Neurology · 2024Article
- Linking cognitive and behavioral reserve: Evidence from the CAN-PROTECT study.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
29 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Ignacio Illán-GalaSant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-5418-2052
Kaitlin B CasalettoMemory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Sergi Borrego-ÉcijaAlzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Service of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Eider M Arenaza-UrquijoBarcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
Amy WolfMemory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Yann CobigoMemory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Sheng Yang M GohMemory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Adam M StaffaroniMemory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Daniel AlcoleaSant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Juan ForteaSant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Rafael BlesaSant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Jordi ClarimonSant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Maria Florencia IulitaSant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Anna Brugulat-SerratAtlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health at the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Albert LladóAlzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Service of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Lea T GrinbergMemory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Katherine PossinMemory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Katherine P RankinMemory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Joel H KramerMemory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Gil D RabinoviciMemory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Adam BoxerMemory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
William W SeeleyMemory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Virginia E SturmMemory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Maria Luisa Gorno-TempiniMemory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Bruce L MillerMemory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Raquel Sánchez-ValleAlzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Service of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
David C PerryMemory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Alberto LleóSant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Howard J RosenMemory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
University of California, San Francisco · USUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona · ESHospital Clínic de Barcelona · ESPasqual Maragall Foundation · ES
Funding
TDP-43 Loss-of-Function: Biology to BiomarkersP01AG019724 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Jennifer Merrilees · 2002 to 2026
$67.2MResearch Education ComponentP30AG062422 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Gil Dan Rabinovici · 2019 to 2026
$36.9MLongitudinal Evaluation of Familial Frontotemporal Dementia Subjects (LEFFTDS)U01AG045390 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI BOEVE, BRADLEY F, ROSEN, HOWARD J · 2014 to 2018
$16.9MThe Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Neuroimaging InitiativeR01AG032306 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI ROSEN, HOWARD J · 2009 to 2013
$10.0MClinical Features and Neuropathological Basis of Sleep Wake Behavior in Alzheimer's and PSPR01AG060477 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Lea Tenenholz Grinberg, Thomas C Neylan · 2019 to 2026
$8.2MEmotion network dysfunction and decline in early frontotemporal dementiaR01AG052496 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Virginia Emily Sturm · 2017 to 2026
$6.9MTraining - The Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Clinical Research ConsortiumU54NS092089 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI BOXER, ADAM L. · 2014 to 2018
$6.4MThe UCSF Brain Health Assessment for the Detection of Cognitive Impairment Among Diverse Populations in Primary CareUH3NS105557 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI POSSIN, KATHERINE LAUREL · 2019 to 2021
$4.9MReimagining Precision Medicine Approaches to AD DiagnosisR35AG072362 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI POSSIN, KATHERINE LAUREL, RABINOVICI, GIL DAN · 2021 to 2025
$4.8MAttention and Semantic Evaluation as Predictors of Empathy in Healthy Aging and Frontotemporal DementiaRF1AG029577 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI RANKIN, KATHERINE P · 2019 to 2019
$4.0MReward processing in genetic frontotemporal dementia and mood disordersR01AG059794 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI PERRY, DAVID C · 2019 to 2023
$4.0MMeasuring Altered Social Behavior in Neurodegenerative DiseaseR01AG029577 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI RANKIN, KATHERINE P · 2008 to 2018
$3.6MNIA NIH HHS K23 AG058752NIA NIH HHS K23 AG061253NIA NIH HHS K24 AG045333NIA NIH HHS K24 AG053435NIA NIH HHS P01 AG019724NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062422NIA NIH HHS R01 AG029577NIA NIH HHS R01 AG032306NIA NIH HHS R01 AG052496NIA NIH HHS R01 AG055121NIA NIH HHS R01 AG059794NIA NIH HHS R01 AG060477NIA NIH HHS R01 AG070826NIA NIH HHS R35 AG072362NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG029577NIA NIH HHS U01 AG045390NINDS NIH HHS U54 NS092089NINDS NIH HHS UH3 NS105557
Abstract
introductionBiological sex is an increasingly recognized factor driving clinical and structural heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease, but its role in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is unknown.
methodsWe included 216 patients with bvFTD and 235 controls with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from a large multicenter cohort. We compared the clinical characteristics and cortical thickness between men and women with bvFTD and controls. We followed the residuals approach to study behavioral and cognitive reserve.
resultsAt diagnosis, women with bvFTD showed greater atrophy burden in the frontotemporal regions compared to men despite similar clinical characteristics. For a similar amount of atrophy, women demonstrated better-than-expected scores on executive function and fewer changes in apathy, sleep, and appetite than men. DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that women might have greater behavioral and executive reserve than men, and neurodegeneration must be more severe in women to produce symptoms similar in severity to those in men.
Indexed as
Executive FunctionResilience, PsychologicalAtrophyCohort StudiesFemaleFrontotemporal DementiaHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedSex Factorscognitive reservediagnosisfrontotemporal dementiamagnetic resonance imagingneuroimagingprogressionresiliencesurvival
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