ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2021
The association of skipping breakfast with cancer-related and all-cause mortality in a national cohort of United States adults.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Temporal Eating Patterns and Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.Current nutrition reports · 2025Pooled it
- Circadian rhythm disrupting behaviours and cancer outcomes in breast cancer survivors: a systematic review.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2023Pooled it
- Dietary Composition, Meal Timing, and Cancer-Related Fatigue: Insights From the Women's Healthy Eating and Living Study.Cancer nursingTrial
- Exploring the impact of chronotype, chrononutrition and lifestyle on bladder cancer.International urology and nephrology · 2025Article
- Mediating effects of waist circumference and BMI on the association between meal frequency and mortality.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Double-Edged Sword Effect of Diet and Nutrition on Carcinogenic Molecular Pathways in Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Habitually Skipping Breakfast Is Associated with the Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancers: Evidence from the Kailuan Cohort Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Article
- Intermittent fasting interventions to leverage metabolic and circadian mechanisms for cancer treatment and supportive care outcomes.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · 2023Article
- Sociocultural influences on dietary behavior and meal timing among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander women at risk of endometrial cancer: a qualitative investigation.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2023Article
- Association between frequency of breakfast consumption and cardiometabolic risk in Peruvian university teachers, 2019-2020.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Frequency of Breakfast Eating and Obesity Prevalence in Primary School Teachers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Breakfast Skipping among a Multi-Ethnic Population of Young Men and Relationship with Sociodemographic Determinants and Weight Status.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Association of time of breakfast and nighttime fasting duration with breast cancer risk in the multicase-control study in Spain.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
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5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeMany lifestyle and dietary factors have been recognized as risk factors for cancer morbidity and mortality. However, investigations of the association of the frequency of breakfast consumption and cancer are limited. This study aimed to examine the association of skipping breakfast with all-cause and cancer-related mortality in a national cohort of United States men and women.
methodsData were from 7,007 adults aged ≥ 40 years who participated in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) and had follow-up information on mortality up until 31 December 2015. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
resultsThe mean age of participants was 55.4 years, with 54.4% and 79% being women and non-Hispanic whites, respectively. Approximately, 16% of participants rarely consumed breakfast, 23.0% consumed breakfast some days, and 61% consumed breakfast every day. During a median follow-up of 22.2 years, 3,573 deaths occurred with 795 being related to cancer. In models adjusting for sociodemographic factors, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol levels, total energy intake and diet quality, persons who rarely consumed breakfast had a higher risk of cancer-related mortality (HR = 1.52; CI:1.06-2.18) and all-cause (HR = 1.69; CI: 1.42-2.02) compared to those who took breakfast every day.
conclusionIn this nationally representative sample, skipping breakfast was associated with elevated risks for all-cause and cancer-related mortality. This study provides evidence for the benefits of regular breakfast consumption in reducing the risk of all-cause and cancer mortality.
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