ReviewNature neuroscience2021
Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions.
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Review in Nature neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,500 papers.
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1,500citing papers in PubMed
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1,500 citing papers in PubMed, 2,246 citations in OpenAlex.
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1,440 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
81 authors at 20 institutions in 22 countries.
Carole EscartinUniversité Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France. carole.escartin@cea.fr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3613-4118
Elena GaleaInstitut de Neurociències and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Elena.Galea@uab.es.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4537-9897
András Lakatos *John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1301-2292
James P O'Callaghan *Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
Gabor C Petzold *German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0145-8641
Alberto Serrano-Pozo *Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0899-7530
Christian Steinhäuser *Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Andrea Volterra *Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-1602
Giorgio Carmignoto *Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy.
Amit AgarwalThe Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Nicola J AllenSalk Institute for Biological Studies, Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, La Jolla, California, USA.
Alfonso AraqueDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3840-1144
Luis BarbeitoInstitut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3047-232X
Ari BarzilaiDepartment of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv Tel Aviv, Israel.
Dwight E BerglesThe Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Gilles BonventoUniversité Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2886-4228
Arthur M ButtSchool of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7579-0746
Wei-Ting ChenCenter for Brain and Disease Research, VIB and University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Martine Cohen-Salmon'Physiology and Physiopathology of the Gliovascular Unit' Research Group, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241 CNRS, Unité1050 INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
Colm CunninghamTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
Benjamin DeneenCenter for Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6335-1081
Bart De StrooperCenter for Brain and Disease Research, VIB and University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Blanca Díaz-CastroUK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, UK.
Cinthia FarinaInstitute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) and Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4466-9676
Marc FreemanVollum Institute, OHSU, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Vittorio GalloCenter for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2429-0845
James E GoldmanDepartment of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Steven A GoldmanUniversity of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-4303
Magdalena GötzPhysiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet & Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1551-9203
Antonia GutiérrezDpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6264-6152
Philip G HaydonDepartment of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5698-6698
Dieter H HeilandMicroenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-3033
Elly M HolDepartment of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5604-2603
Matthew G HoltLaboratory of Glia Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8958-4027
Masamitsu IinoDivision of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Ksenia V KastanenkaMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.
Helmut KettenmannCellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.
Baljit S KhakhDepartment of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Schuichi KoizumiDepartment of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6184-3106
C Justin LeeCenter for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science 55, Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea.
Shane A LiddelowNeuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Ophthalmology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, USA.
Brian A MacVicarDjavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4596-4623
Pierre MagistrettiDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
Albee MessingWaisman Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Anusha MishraDepartment of Neurology Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3642-5049
Anna V MolofskyDepartments of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neuroscience University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4709-2411
Keith K MuraiCentre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Christopher M NorrisSanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Seiji OkadaDepartment of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-8209
Stéphane H R OlietUniversité de Bordeaux, Inserm, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France.
João F OliveiraLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1005-2328
Aude PanatierUniversité de Bordeaux, Inserm, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-4463
Vladimir ParpuraDepartment of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Marcela PeknaLaboratory of Regenerative Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2734-8237
Milos PeknyLaboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Luc PellerinINSERM U1082, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
Gertrudis PereaDepartment of Functional and Systems Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5924-9175
Beatriz G Pérez-NievasDepartment of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Frank W PfriegerCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7085-1431
Kira E PoskanzerDepartment of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4830-8891
Francisco J QuintanaAnn Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Associate Member, The Broad Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Richard M RansohoffThird Rock Ventures, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Miriam Riquelme-PerezUniversité Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
Stefanie RobelFralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, School of Neuroscience Virginia Tech, Riverside Circle, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.
Christine R RoseInstitute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-3592
Jeffrey D RothsteinSolomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2001-8470
Nathalie RouachNeuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University Paris, Paris, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5574-888X
David H RowitchWellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0079-0060
Alexey SemyanovShemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6800-0942
Swetlana SirkoPhysiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5950-616X
Harald SontheimerVirginia Tech School of Neuroscience and Center for Glial Biology in Health, Disease and Cancer, Virginia Tech at the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5843-9871
Raymond A SwansonDept. of Neurology, University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3664-5359
Javier VitoricaCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
Ina-Beate WannerSemel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, IDDRC, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Levi B WoodGeorge W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Jiaqian WuThe Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Binhai ZhengDepartment of Neurosciences, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla; VA San Diego Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA.
Eduardo R ZimmerDepartment of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Robert ZorecLaboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7478-3875
Michael V SofroniewDepartment of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA. sofroniew@mednet.ucla.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6075-0178
Alexei VerkhratskyFaculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. alexej.verkhratsky@manchester.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2592-9898
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · FRUniversity of California, San Francisco · USBiomedical Research Institute · USBiomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases · ESHarvard University · USJohns Hopkins University · USUK Dementia Research Institute · GBUniversité de Bordeaux · FRUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USUniversity of Gothenburg · SEVIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research · BEWellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute · GBBaylor College of Medicine · USBroad Institute · USCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · USChildren's National · USColumbia University · USGeorgia Institute of Technology · USHeidelberg University · DEHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf · DE
Funding
The Role of Ion Transport in Glioma Migration, Proliferation, and ApoptosisR01NS036692 · NINDS · VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV · PI SONTHEIMER, HARALD W · 1997 to 2024
$6.8MPreclinical evaluation of tacrolimus in a canine model of Alzheimer's diseaseR01AG056998 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI Elizabeth Head, Christopher Mark Norris · 2017 to 2026
$5.3MThe role of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesisR01AG054598 · NIA · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Brian J Bacskai · 2017 to 2026
$4.4MSlow-wave activity as a modifier of the progression of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's diseaseRF1AG061774 · NIA · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI BACSKAI, BRIAN J, GERASHCHENKO, DMITRY · 2019 to 2021
$3.7MInjectable biomaterial depots to manipulate scar and foster axon growth after SCIR01NS084030 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI SOFRONIEW, MICHAEL V · 2014 to 2023
$3.0MElucidating circuit disruptions in Alzheimer's diseaseR01AG066171 · NIA · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI KASTANENKA, KSENIA V. · 2020 to 2024
$2.9MCalcineurin and inflammatory signaling processes in aging and Alzheimer's DiseaseRF1AG027297 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI NORRIS, CHRISTOPHER MARK · 2018 to 2022
$2.6MAn iPSC based humanized mouse model of dysmyelination in schizophreniaR01MH104701 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI GOLDMAN, STEVEN ALAN · 2014 to 2018
$2.1MEvaluating astrocyte loss after traumatic brain injury in initiation of post-traumatic epilepsyR01NS105807 · NINDS · VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV · PI ROBEL, STEFANIE · 2018 to 2022
$1.9MControl of Local CNS InflammationR01NS102807 · NINDS · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI QUINTANA, FRANCISCO J. · 2018 to 2022
$1.8MRole of astrocytes in dopamine signaling and psychostimulant effectsR01DA048822 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI ARAQUE, ALFONSO · 2019 to 2023
$1.8MGlial regulation of neurovascular coupling in CNS disordersR01NS110690 · NINDS · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI MISHRA, ANUSHA · 2019 to 2023
$1.7MIntramural CDC HHS CC999999Medical Research Council MC_PC_17230Medical Research Council MR/P008658/1NIA NIH HHS K08 AG064039NIA NIH HHS R01 AG054598NIA NIH HHS R01 AG056998NIA NIH HHS R01 AG066171NIA NIH HHS R56 AG060974NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG027297NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG061774NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA048822NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM123971NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH104701NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS036692NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS084030NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS102807NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS105807NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS110690
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes are astrocytes undergoing morphological, molecular, and functional remodeling in response to injury, disease, or infection of the CNS. Although this remodeling was first described over a century ago, uncertainties and controversies remain regarding the contribution of reactive astrocytes to CNS diseases, repair, and aging. It is also unclear whether fixed categories of reactive astrocytes exist and, if so, how to identify them. We point out the shortcomings of binary divisions of reactive astrocytes into good-vs-bad, neurotoxic-vs-neuroprotective or A1-vs-A2. We advocate, instead, that research on reactive astrocytes include assessment of multiple molecular and functional parameters-preferably in vivo-plus multivariate statistics and determination of impact on pathological hallmarks in relevant models. These guidelines may spur the discovery of astrocyte-based biomarkers as well as astrocyte-targeting therapies that abrogate detrimental actions of reactive astrocytes, potentiate their neuro- and glioprotective actions, and restore or augment their homeostatic, modulatory, and defensive functions.
Indexed as
AgingAnimalsAstrocytesBrainBrain DiseasesBrain InjuriesHumansSpinal CordSpinal Cord Injuries
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