ReviewNature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology2021
Potential intestinal infection and faecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Review in Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 186 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
186 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 317 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oro-faecal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review of studies employing viral culture from gastrointestinal and other potential oro-faecal sources and evidence for transmission to humans.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Pooled it
- Probiotic Therapy of Gastrointestinal Symptoms During COVID-19 Infection: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Remote Study.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Efficacy of Niclosamide vs Placebo in SARS-CoV-2 Respiratory Viral Clearance, Viral Shedding, and Duration of Symptoms Among Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Beyond correlation and causation: epistemic caution, anomalous findings, and COVID-19 vaccine safety.Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM · 2026Review
- Intestinal oxysterol remodeling underlies severe COVID-19 in an aged hamster model.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Gut microbiome shift in long COVID: impact of disease and montelukast treatment.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Article
- Evaluating Viral Pollution in Wastewater and Mediterranean Ecosystems.Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
- The Role of Viral Load in COVID-19-Induced Encephalitis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Persistence and the Gut Microbiota: New Insights into Long COVID Pathogenesis.Viruses · 2026Review
- An intrinsic loop-mediated structural stability modulating inhibitor potency in the SADS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 main proteases.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Clinical Significance and Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 in Colorectal Cancer.World journal of oncology · 2026Article
- Intestinal permeability correlated with chronic fatigue in a patient with long COVID-A case report and overview of the literature.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Genetic architecture and mechanisms of host-microbiome interactions from a multi-cohort analysis of outbred laboratory rats.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A survey of SARS-CoV-2 tropism.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2025Review
- Novel insights into the genetic architecture and mechanisms of host/microbiome interactions from a multi-cohort analysis of outbred laboratory rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on the Gut Microbiome: A Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- The Intersection of SARS-CoV-2 and Diabetes.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
126 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread to more than 200 countries and regions globally. SARS-CoV-2 is thought to spread mainly through respiratory droplets and close contact. However, reports have shown that a notable proportion of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) develop gastrointestinal symptoms and nearly half of patients confirmed to have COVID-19 have shown detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in their faecal samples. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 infection reportedly alters intestinal microbiota, which correlated with the expression of inflammatory factors. Furthermore, multiple in vitro and in vivo animal studies have provided direct evidence of intestinal infection by SARS-CoV-2. These lines of evidence highlight the nature of SARS-CoV-2 gastrointestinal infection and its potential faecal-oral transmission. Here, we summarize the current findings on the gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 and its possible mechanisms. We also discuss how SARS-CoV-2 gastrointestinal infection might occur and the current evidence and future studies needed to establish the occurrence of faecal-oral transmission.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.