ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2021
Frequency and profile of objective cognitive deficits in hospitalized patients recovering from COVID-19.
Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 128 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 243 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cognitive domains affected post-COVID-19; a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Neuropsychological deficits in patients with persistent COVID-19 symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinically Relevant Executive Functions Tests Performance after COVID-19.Behavioural neurology · 2023Pooled it
- COVID-19 associated cognitive impairment: A systematic review.Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · 2022Pooled it
- Long COVID brain fog treatment: An early-phase randomized controlled trial of constraint-induced cognitive therapy signals go.Rehabilitation psychology · 2026Trial
- Profiles of Individuals With Long COVID Reporting Persistent Cognitive Complaints.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2025Trial
- A digital intervention for cognitive deficits following COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Objective and subjective cognition in survivors of COVID-19 one year after ICU discharge: the role of demographic, clinical, and emotional factors.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Trial
- Possible Volumetric Changes in the Hippocampus and Olfactory Bulbs After COVID-19: A Stereological MRI Study.Viruses · 2026Article
- Functional outcomes of children after SARS-CoV-2 infection: An EHR-based cohort study.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Cognition, Cytokines, Blood-Brain Barrier, and Beyond in COVID-19: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Tracking inflammation status for improving patient prognosis: A review of current methods, unmet clinical needs and opportunities.Biotechnology advances · 2025Review
- Beyond COVID-19 Infection: Cognitive and Emotional Pathways Between Posttraumatic Stress, Rumination, and Quality of Life in Hospitalized Patients.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Insights on the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying hippocampus-dependent memory impairment in COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- COVID-19 and Cognitive Change in a Community-Based Cohort.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Long-COVID and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: a preliminary comparison of neuropsychological performance.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2025Article
- Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes of a Post-Coronavirus-19 Sample After Cognitive Rehabilitation: A Case Series.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2025Article
- iPSC-derived human cortical organoids display profound alterations of cellular homeostasis following SARS-CoV-2 infection and Spike protein exposure.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Article
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Early reports and case series suggest cognitive deficits occurs in some patients with COVID-19. We evaluated the frequency, severity, and profile of cognitive dysfunction in patients recovering from prolonged COVID-19 hospitalization who required acute inpatient rehabilitation prior to discharge. We analyzed cross-sectional scores from the Brief Memory and Executive Test (BMET) in a cohort of N = 57 COVID-19 patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation, calculating the frequency of impairment based on neuropsychologist diagnosis and by age-normed BMET subtests. In total, 43 patients (75%) were male, 35 (61%) were non-white, and mean age was 64.5 (SD = 13.9) years. In total, 48 (84%) were previously living at home independently. Two patients had documented preexisting cognitive dysfunction; none had known dementia. Patients were evaluated at a mean of 43.2 (SD = 19.2) days after initial admission. In total, 50 patients (88%) had documented hypoxemic respiratory failure and 44 (77%) required intubation. Forty-six patients (81%) had cognitive impairment, ranging from mild to severe. Deficits were common in working memory (26/47 [55%] of patients), set-shifting (21/44 [47%]), divided attention (18/39 [46%]), and processing speed (14/35 [40%]). Executive dysfunction was not significantly associated with intubation length or the time from extubation to assessment, psychiatric diagnosis, or preexisting cardiovascular/metabolic disease. Attention and executive functions are frequently impaired in COVID-19 patients who require acute rehabilitation prior to discharge. Though interpretation is limited by lack of a comparator group, these results provide an early benchmark for identifying and characterizing cognitive difficulties after COVID-19. Given the frequency and pattern of impairment, easy-to-disseminate interventions that target attention and executive dysfunctions may be beneficial to this population.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.