ArticleBMJ open gastroenterology2021
When does proton pump inhibitor treatment become long term? A scoping review.
Article in BMJ open gastroenterology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association and Mechanisms of Proton Pump Inhibitors Use with Type-2Diabetes Mellitus Incidence in Adults: A Systemic Review andMeta-Analysis.Current diabetes reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy of a computer based discontinuation strategy to reduce PPI prescriptions: a multicenter cluster-randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy Is Common Among Older Adults: An 8-Year Finnish Nationwide Register Study.Drugs & aging · 2026Article
- Prescribing patterns and determinants of long-term proton pump inhibitor use in Malaysian public hospitals.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2026Article
- Nonvariceal Upper GI Bleeding in Established Users of Proton-Pump Inhibitors: Higher Incidence But Better Outcomes.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2026Observational
- Trends in Proton Pump Inhibitor Use in Sweden by Sex and Age: A Drug Utilisation Study.Drug safety · 2025Article
- Association betweenFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Effects of Medication Period and Gastrin Levels on Endoscopic Gastric Mucosal Changes in Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Users.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitor Prescription in Nursing Home Residents: Prevalence, Appropriateness, and Associated Factors-A Secondary Data Analysis from Three German Regions and the Impact of Guideline Recommendations.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effects of proton pump inhibitors on inflammatory bowel disease: An updated review.World journal of gastroenterology · 2024Review
- Proton pump inhibitor prescribing patterns and utilization: A retrospective chart review analysis.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2023Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitors, Kidney Damage, and Mortality: An Updated Narrative Review.Advances in therapy · 2023Review
- Adverse Effects Associated with Long-Term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors.Chonnam medical journal · 2023Review
- Evidence for proton-pump inhibitor (PPI)-associated dysbiosis in metabolically unhealthy obesity.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- (De)Prescribing of proton pump inhibitors: what has changed in recent years? an observational regional study from the French health insurance database.BMC primary care · 2022Observational
- Characteristics and Patterns of Proton Pump Inhibitors Prescribing at the Primary Health Care.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Article
- Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Nationwide Case-Control Study Based on the French National Health Data System (SNDS).Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Article
- The Impact of Proton Pump Inhibitors on the Development of Gastric Neoplastic Lesions in Patients With Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveProton pump inhibitor (PPI) use has risen substantially, primarily driven by ongoing use over months to years. However, there is no consensus on how to define long-term PPI use. Our objectives were to review and compare definitions of long-term PPI use in existing literature and describe the rationale for each definition. Moreover, we aimed to suggest generally applicable definitions for research and clinical use.
designThe databases PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched for publications concerning long-term use of PPIs and ClinicalTrials.gov was searched for registered studies. Two reviewers independently screened the titles, abstracts, and full texts in two series and subsequently extracted data.
resultsA total of 742 studies were identified, and 59 met the eligibility criteria. In addition, two ongoing studies were identified. The definition of long-term PPI use varied from >2 weeks to >7 years. The most common definition was ≥1 year or ≥6 months. A total of 12/61 (20%) of the studies rationalised their definition.
conclusionThe definitions of long-term PPI treatment varied substantially between studies and were seldom rationalised.In a clinical context, use of PPI for more than 8 weeks could be a reasonable definition of long-term use in patients with reflux symptoms and more than 4 weeks in patients with dyspepsia or peptic ulcer. For research purposes, 6 months could be a possible definition in pharmacoepidemiological studies, whereas studies of adverse effects may require a tailored definition depending on the necessary exposure time. We recommend to always rationalise the choice of definition.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.