ArticleeLife2021
Individual variation in Achilles tendon morphology and geometry changes susceptibility to injury.
Article in eLife, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Finite element modeling of human Achilles tendon: impact of subtendon modeling and fiber direction.Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology · 2026Article
- High horizontal force and lateral force transmission induced by the twist of the Achilles tendon.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- In vivo characterization of Achilles subtendon function and morphology within the tendon cross section and along the free tendon.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2025Article
- Subject-specific biomechanics influences tendon strains in patients with Achilles tendinopathy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Does free tendon length influence the injury risk of the Achilles tendon? A finite element study.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2024Article
- Achilles tendon compliance influences tendon loading more than Achilles tendon twist in Achilles tendinopathy: a musculoskeletal modeling approach.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Degree of twist in the Achilles tendon interacts with its length and thickness in affecting local strain magnitude: a finite element analysis.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Biarticular mechanisms of the gastrocnemii muscles enhance ankle mechanical power and work during running.Royal Society open science · 2023Article
- Modeling of the Achilles Subtendons and Their Interactions in a Framework of the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Achilles Tendon Ruptures and Repair in Athletes-a Review of Sports-Related Achilles Injuries and Return to Play.Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine · 2022Review
- Foundational Principles and Adaptation of the Healthy and Pathological Achilles Tendon in Response to Resistance Exercise: A Narrative Review and Clinical Implications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Subject-Specific 3D Models to Investigate the Influence of Rehabilitation Exercises and the Twisted Structure on Achilles Tendon Strains.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Structure-function specialisation of the interfascicular matrix in the human achilles tendon.Acta biomaterialia · 2021Article
- Loss of the knee-ankle coupling and unrecognized elongation in Achilles tendon rupture: effects of differential elongation of the gastrocnemius tendon.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The unique structure of the Achilles tendon, combining three smaller sub-tendons, enhances movement efficiency by allowing individual control from connected muscles. This requires compliant interfaces between sub-tendons, but compliance decreases with age and may account for increased injury frequency. Current understanding of sub-tendon sliding and its role in the whole Achilles tendon function is limited. Here we show changing the degree of sliding greatly affects the tendon mechanical behaviour. Our in vitro testing discovered distinct sub-tendon mechanical properties in keeping with their mechanical demands. In silico study based on measured properties, subject-specific tendon geometry, and modified sliding capacity demonstrated age-related displacement reduction similar to our in vivo ultrasonography measurements. Peak stress magnitude and distribution within the whole Achilles tendon are affected by individual tendon geometries, the sliding capacity between sub-tendons, and different muscle loading conditions. These results suggest clinical possibilities to identify patients at risk and design personalised rehabilitation protocols.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.