Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33588899›Full record

ArticleMolecular brain2021

GABAergic neuron-specific whole-brain transduction by AAV-PHP.B incorporated with a new GAD65 promoter.

Chiaki Hoshino, Ayumu Konno, Nobutake Hosoi, Ryosuke Kaneko, Ryo Mukai, Junichi Nakai, Hirokazu Hirai

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular brain, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed
3.9field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. A compact GAD67 promoter enables inhibitory neuron-targeted AAV gene therapy for seizure suppression.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
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  7. Current trends in gene therapy to treat inherited disorders of the brain.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025
    Review
  8. State-of-the-art gene therapy in epilepsy.Current opinion in neurology · 2025
    Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
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  14. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Chiaki Hoshino *Department of Neurophysiology and Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
Ayumu Konno *Department of Neurophysiology and Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-9382-396X
Nobutake HosoiDepartment of Neurophysiology and Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-7889-2542
Ryosuke KanekoBioresource Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
Ryo MukaiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
Junichi NakaiDivision of Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
Hirokazu HiraiDepartment of Neurophysiology and Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan. hirai@gunma-u.ac.jp.ORCID 0000-0002-0721-4293
Gunma University · JPTohoku University · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

GABAergic interneurons play a critical role in tuning neural networks in the central nervous system, and their defects are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Currently, the mDlx enhancer is solely used for adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-mediated transgene delivery into cortical interneurons. Here, we developed a new inhibitory neuron-specific promoter (designated as the mGAD65 promoter), with a length of 2.5 kb, from a mouse genome upstream of exon 1 of the Gad2 gene encoding glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65. Intravenous infusion of blood-brain barrier-penetrating AAV-PHP.B expressing an enhanced green fluorescent protein under the control of the mGAD65 promoter transduced the whole brain in an inhibitory neuron-specific manner. The specificity and efficiency of the mGAD65 promoter for GABAergic interneurons, which was assessed at the motor cortex, were almost identical to or slightly higher than those of the mDlx enhancer. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the mGAD65 promoter preferentially transduced parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons. Notably, the mGAD65 promoter transduced chandelier cells more efficiently than the mDlx enhancer and robustly labeled their synaptic boutons, called the cartridge, targeting the axon initial segments of excitatory pyramidal neurons. To test the ability of the mGAD65 promoter to express a functional molecule, we virally expressed G-CaMP, a fluorescent Ca

Indexed as

Transduction, GeneticAnimalsBrainCalciumDependovirusGABAergic NeuronsGlutamate DecarboxylaseGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHEK293 CellsHumansInjections, IntravenousInterneuronsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMotor CortexNeuronsCalciumGlutamate Decarboxylaseglutamate decarboxylase 2Green Fluorescent ProteinsParvalbuminsAAVAAV-PHP.BChandelier cellDlxGABAGAD65Inhibitory neuronInterneuronPromoter

Identifiers

PMID33588899
PMCPMC7885384
OpenAlexW3120586079

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.