ArticleBMC medicine2021
Independent and combined associations between fast-food outlet exposure and genetic risk for obesity: a population-based, cross-sectional study in the UK.
Article in BMC medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The moderating role of eating behaviour traits in the association between exposure to hot food takeaway outlets and body fatness.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2023Trial
- Socio-Demographic Variation in Adherence to the Eatwell Guide Within the UK Biobank Prospective Cohort Study.Nutrition bulletin · 2026Article
- Genetic risk for high body mass index before and amidst the obesity epidemic: Cross-cohort analysis of four british birth cohort studies.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Multimodal (Bio)Markers and Risk of Obesity - A Comprehensive Scoping Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with regular fast-food consumption among adults in the UAE: a cross-sectional study.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- The UK Food Environment: A Systematic Review of Domains, Methodologies, and Outcomes.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Review
- Neighbourhood out-of-home food environment, menu healthiness, and their associations with meal purchasing and diet quality: a multiverse analysis.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Spatial analysis of fast-food accessibility and obesity among adults in Malaysia nationwide.PloS one · 2025Article
- Health impacts of takeaway management zones around schools in six different local authorities across England: a public health modelling study using PRIMEtime.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Adipose Tissue Dysfunction Related to Climate Change and Air Pollution: Understanding the Metabolic Consequences.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Evidence of gene-nutrient interaction association with waist circumference, cross-sectional analysis.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Perspective: A Conceptual Framework for Adaptive Personalized Nutrition Advice Systems (APNASs).Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Article
- Association between Diet and Adiposity in Adults: Influence of Sedentary Behavior Patterns.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCharacteristics of the built environment, such as neighbourhood fast-food outlet exposure, are increasingly recognised as risk factors for unhealthy diet and obesity. Obesity also has a genetic component, with common genetic variants explaining a substantial proportion of population-level obesity susceptibility. However, it is not known whether and to what extent associations between fast-food outlet exposure and body weight are modified by genetic predisposition to obesity.
methodsWe used data from the Fenland Study, a population-based sample of 12,435 UK adults (mean age 48.6 years). We derived a genetic risk score associated with BMI (BMI-GRS) from 96 BMI-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. Neighbourhood fast-food exposure was defined as quartiles of counts of outlets around the home address. We used multivariable regression models to estimate the associations of each exposure, independently and in combination, with measured BMI, overweight and obesity, and investigated interactions.
resultsWe found independent associations between BMI-GRS and risk of overweight (RR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.23-1.47) and obesity (RR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.55-1.93), and between fast-food outlet exposure and risk of obesity (highest vs lowest quartile RR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.21-2.05). There was no evidence of an interaction of fast-food outlet exposure and genetic risk on BMI (P = 0.09), risk of overweight (P = 0.51), or risk of obesity (P = 0.27). The combination of higher BMI-GRS and highest fast-food outlet exposure was associated with 2.70 (95% CI 1.99-3.66) times greater risk of obesity.
conclusionsOur study demonstrated independent associations of both genetic obesity risk and neighbourhood fast-food outlet exposure with adiposity. These important drivers of the obesity epidemic have to date been studied in isolation. Neighbourhood fast-food outlet exposure remains a potential target of policy intervention to prevent obesity and promote the public's health.
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