ArticleJournal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH2021
Prolonged elevation of D-dimer levels in convalescent COVID-19 patients is independent of the acute phase response.
Article in Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
124 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 229 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vascular Complications of Long COVID-From Endothelial Dysfunction to Systemic Thrombosis: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Prophylactic anticoagulants for non-hospitalised people with COVID-19.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Role of Purinergic Signalling Pathway in the Treatment of COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Increased risk of acute myocardial infarction after COVID-19 recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of cardiology · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical trials on the pharmacological treatment of long COVID: A systematic review.Journal of medical virology · 2023Pooled it
- ESCMID rapid guidelines for assessment and management of long COVID.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2022Guideline
- Mortality and risk factors associated with pulmonary embolism in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Clinical Significance of Plasma D-Dimer in COVID-19 Mortality.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Incidences in Patients After Discharge from COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/HemostasisPooled it
- Defibrotide Therapy for SARS-CoV-2 ARDS.Chest · 2022Trial
- Treatment with Sulodexide Downregulates Biomarkers for Endothelial Dysfunction in Convalescent COVID-19 Patients.Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/HemostasisTrial
- Long-term angiogenic and thromboinflammatory signatures in post-COVID-19 syndrome.Angiogenesis · 2026Article
- Exploring Coagulation Abnormalities and Functional Impairment in Long COVID: Relevance to Primary Care Practice.Cureus · 2026Article
- Temporal Association Between Vertebral Artery Dissection and SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Personalized Exercise Training Modulates Red Blood Cell Rheology and Morphology in Long COVID.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Total plasma N-glycomic patterns of COVID-19 disease.Glycoconjugate journal · 2026Article
- Observational
- Endothelial and cardiac dysfunction in long COVID With cardiovascular symptoms is associated with imbalance in the ADMA-DDAH-NOx pathway.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- C3d Complement Activation and Antibody Immunity in Convalescent COVID-19: Insights From Adults and Children.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Amyloid Fibrils Impair Fibrin Formation and Fibrinolysis.Biochemistry · 2025Article
64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPersistent fatigue, breathlessness, and reduced exercise tolerance have been reported following acute COVID-19 infection. Although immuno-thrombosis has been implicated in acute COVID-19 pathogenesis, the biological mechanisms underpinning long COVID remain unknown. We hypothesized that pulmonary microvascular immuno-thrombosis may be important in this context.
methodsOne hundred fifty COVID-19 patients were reviewed at St James's Hospital Dublin between May and September 2020 at a median of 80.5 (range 44-155) days after initial diagnosis. These included patients hospitalized during initial illness (n = 69) and others managed entirely as out-patients (n = 81). Clinical examination, chest x-ray, and 6-min walk tests were performed. In addition, a range of coagulation and inflammatory markers were assessed.
resultsIncreased D-dimer levels (>500 ng/ml) were observed in 25.3% patients up to 4 months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. On univariate analysis, elevated convalescent D-dimers were more common in COVID-19 patients who had required hospital admission and in patients aged more than 50 years (p < .001). Interestingly, we observed that 29% (n = 11) of patients with elevated convalescent D-dimers had been managed exclusively as out-patients during their illness. In contrast, other coagulation (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, platelet count) and inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and sCD25) markers had returned to normal in >90% of convalescent patients.
conclusionsElucidating the biological mechanisms responsible for sustained D-dimer increases may be of relevance in long COVID pathogenesis and has implications for clinical management of these patients.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.