ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2021
Human Herpesvirus 6 Encephalitis in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Hosts.
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Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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39 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- CMV and HHV-6 reactivation in immunocompetent patients hospitalised in the ICU - is it a real problem? A case series and narrative review.Anaesthesiology intensive therapy · 2026Review
- An Uncommon Case of Disseminated Human Herpesvirus 6 Infection in an Immunocompetent Adult.Cureus · 2026Article
- Atypical manifestation of human herpes virus-6 encephalitis with extra-limbic lesions: a case report.Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Article
- Herpesvirus-host interactions in neurological diseases: the immunogenetic role of HLA-E.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- HHV-6-induced hydrocephalus with ventricular septa formation in an immunocompetent adult: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2025Article
- Neuropsychiatric Symptoms After HHV-6 Encephalitis in an Immunocompetent Child: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2025Article
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- Unraveling the Burden of Viral and Bacterial Central Nervous System Infections: A Two-Year Retrospective Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Evaluation of a Rapid Syndromic Multiplex Meningitis/Encephalitis RT-qPCR MX-17 Panel.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristic and outcome of HHV-6 encephalitis after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: A study of Infectious Disease Working Party of EBMT.Bone marrow transplantation · 2025Article
- Acute Meningitis/Encephalitis Presumably Secondary to Human Herpesvirus 6: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
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- Herpesvirus-associated diseases: biomarkers and advancements in clinical research.Virology journal · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Inborn Errors of Immunity Among Patients with Opportunistic Pulmonary Infection.Clinics in chest medicine · 2025Review
- Relationship Between CNS Infections, Stroke, and Neurological Complications: A Case Series.Cureus · 2025Article
- Association between human herpesvirus 6 status and sarcopenia risk: a UK biobank cohort study with sex-specific patterns and telomere length modification.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Ten Years ofNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Reemerging Infectious Diseases and Neuroimmunologic Complications.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- High mortality rates and long-term complications in children with infectious brainstem encephalitis: A study of sixteen cases.PloS one · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Giulia BerzeroFrom the Neuroncology Unit (G.B., E.V., E.M.), and Neuroradiology Unit (M.P., A.P.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Molecular Virology Unit (G.C., F.B.), Microbiology and Virology Department, Diagnostic Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.S.), Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit (A.A.C., P.B., O.B.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit (A.D.M.), Pediatric Clinic (V.R., T.F., S.S.), and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (F.C., M.Z.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia; and Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences (A.P.), Department of Molecular Medicine (P.B., O.B.), and Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences (F.B.), University of Pavia, Italy.
Giulia CampaniniFrom the Neuroncology Unit (G.B., E.V., E.M.), and Neuroradiology Unit (M.P., A.P.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Molecular Virology Unit (G.C., F.B.), Microbiology and Virology Department, Diagnostic Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.S.), Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit (A.A.C., P.B., O.B.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit (A.D.M.), Pediatric Clinic (V.R., T.F., S.S.), and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (F.C., M.Z.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia; and Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences (A.P.), Department of Molecular Medicine (P.B., O.B.), and Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences (F.B.), University of Pavia, Italy.
Elisa VegezziFrom the Neuroncology Unit (G.B., E.V., E.M.), and Neuroradiology Unit (M.P., A.P.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Molecular Virology Unit (G.C., F.B.), Microbiology and Virology Department, Diagnostic Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.S.), Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit (A.A.C., P.B., O.B.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit (A.D.M.), Pediatric Clinic (V.R., T.F., S.S.), and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (F.C., M.Z.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia; and Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences (A.P.), Department of Molecular Medicine (P.B., O.B.), and Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences (F.B.), University of Pavia, Italy.
Matteo PaolettiFrom the Neuroncology Unit (G.B., E.V., E.M.), and Neuroradiology Unit (M.P., A.P.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Molecular Virology Unit (G.C., F.B.), Microbiology and Virology Department, Diagnostic Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.S.), Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit (A.A.C., P.B., O.B.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit (A.D.M.), Pediatric Clinic (V.R., T.F., S.S.), and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (F.C., M.Z.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia; and Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences (A.P.), Department of Molecular Medicine (P.B., O.B.), and Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences (F.B.), University of Pavia, Italy.
Anna PichiecchioFrom the Neuroncology Unit (G.B., E.V., E.M.), and Neuroradiology Unit (M.P., A.P.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Molecular Virology Unit (G.C., F.B.), Microbiology and Virology Department, Diagnostic Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.S.), Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit (A.A.C., P.B., O.B.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit (A.D.M.), Pediatric Clinic (V.R., T.F., S.S.), and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (F.C., M.Z.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia; and Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences (A.P.), Department of Molecular Medicine (P.B., O.B.), and Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences (F.B.), University of Pavia, Italy.
Anna Maria SimoncelliFrom the Neuroncology Unit (G.B., E.V., E.M.), and Neuroradiology Unit (M.P., A.P.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Molecular Virology Unit (G.C., F.B.), Microbiology and Virology Department, Diagnostic Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.S.), Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit (A.A.C., P.B., O.B.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit (A.D.M.), Pediatric Clinic (V.R., T.F., S.S.), and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (F.C., M.Z.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia; and Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences (A.P.), Department of Molecular Medicine (P.B., O.B.), and Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences (F.B.), University of Pavia, Italy.
Anna Amelia ColomboFrom the Neuroncology Unit (G.B., E.V., E.M.), and Neuroradiology Unit (M.P., A.P.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Molecular Virology Unit (G.C., F.B.), Microbiology and Virology Department, Diagnostic Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.S.), Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit (A.A.C., P.B., O.B.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit (A.D.M.), Pediatric Clinic (V.R., T.F., S.S.), and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (F.C., M.Z.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia; and Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences (A.P.), Department of Molecular Medicine (P.B., O.B.), and Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences (F.B.), University of Pavia, Italy.
Paolo BernasconiFrom the Neuroncology Unit (G.B., E.V., E.M.), and Neuroradiology Unit (M.P., A.P.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Molecular Virology Unit (G.C., F.B.), Microbiology and Virology Department, Diagnostic Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.S.), Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit (A.A.C., P.B., O.B.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit (A.D.M.), Pediatric Clinic (V.R., T.F., S.S.), and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (F.C., M.Z.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia; and Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences (A.P.), Department of Molecular Medicine (P.B., O.B.), and Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences (F.B.), University of Pavia, Italy.
Oscar BorsaniFrom the Neuroncology Unit (G.B., E.V., E.M.), and Neuroradiology Unit (M.P., A.P.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Molecular Virology Unit (G.C., F.B.), Microbiology and Virology Department, Diagnostic Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.S.), Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit (A.A.C., P.B., O.B.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit (A.D.M.), Pediatric Clinic (V.R., T.F., S.S.), and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (F.C., M.Z.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia; and Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences (A.P.), Department of Molecular Medicine (P.B., O.B.), and Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences (F.B.), University of Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7805-7806
Angela Di MatteoFrom the Neuroncology Unit (G.B., E.V., E.M.), and Neuroradiology Unit (M.P., A.P.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Molecular Virology Unit (G.C., F.B.), Microbiology and Virology Department, Diagnostic Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.S.), Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit (A.A.C., P.B., O.B.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit (A.D.M.), Pediatric Clinic (V.R., T.F., S.S.), and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (F.C., M.Z.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia; and Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences (A.P.), Department of Molecular Medicine (P.B., O.B.), and Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences (F.B.), University of Pavia, Italy.
Virginia RossiFrom the Neuroncology Unit (G.B., E.V., E.M.), and Neuroradiology Unit (M.P., A.P.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Molecular Virology Unit (G.C., F.B.), Microbiology and Virology Department, Diagnostic Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.S.), Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit (A.A.C., P.B., O.B.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit (A.D.M.), Pediatric Clinic (V.R., T.F., S.S.), and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (F.C., M.Z.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia; and Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences (A.P.), Department of Molecular Medicine (P.B., O.B.), and Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences (F.B.), University of Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8363-9210
Thomas FoiadelliFrom the Neuroncology Unit (G.B., E.V., E.M.), and Neuroradiology Unit (M.P., A.P.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Molecular Virology Unit (G.C., F.B.), Microbiology and Virology Department, Diagnostic Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.S.), Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit (A.A.C., P.B., O.B.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit (A.D.M.), Pediatric Clinic (V.R., T.F., S.S.), and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (F.C., M.Z.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia; and Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences (A.P.), Department of Molecular Medicine (P.B., O.B.), and Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences (F.B.), University of Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0961-428X
Salvatore SavastaFrom the Neuroncology Unit (G.B., E.V., E.M.), and Neuroradiology Unit (M.P., A.P.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Molecular Virology Unit (G.C., F.B.), Microbiology and Virology Department, Diagnostic Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.S.), Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit (A.A.C., P.B., O.B.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit (A.D.M.), Pediatric Clinic (V.R., T.F., S.S.), and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (F.C., M.Z.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia; and Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences (A.P.), Department of Molecular Medicine (P.B., O.B.), and Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences (F.B.), University of Pavia, Italy.
Francesca CompagnoFrom the Neuroncology Unit (G.B., E.V., E.M.), and Neuroradiology Unit (M.P., A.P.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Molecular Virology Unit (G.C., F.B.), Microbiology and Virology Department, Diagnostic Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.S.), Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit (A.A.C., P.B., O.B.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit (A.D.M.), Pediatric Clinic (V.R., T.F., S.S.), and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (F.C., M.Z.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia; and Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences (A.P.), Department of Molecular Medicine (P.B., O.B.), and Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences (F.B.), University of Pavia, Italy.
Marco ZeccaFrom the Neuroncology Unit (G.B., E.V., E.M.), and Neuroradiology Unit (M.P., A.P.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Molecular Virology Unit (G.C., F.B.), Microbiology and Virology Department, Diagnostic Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.S.), Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit (A.A.C., P.B., O.B.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit (A.D.M.), Pediatric Clinic (V.R., T.F., S.S.), and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (F.C., M.Z.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia; and Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences (A.P.), Department of Molecular Medicine (P.B., O.B.), and Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences (F.B.), University of Pavia, Italy.
Fausto BaldantiFrom the Neuroncology Unit (G.B., E.V., E.M.), and Neuroradiology Unit (M.P., A.P.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Molecular Virology Unit (G.C., F.B.), Microbiology and Virology Department, Diagnostic Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.S.), Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit (A.A.C., P.B., O.B.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit (A.D.M.), Pediatric Clinic (V.R., T.F., S.S.), and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (F.C., M.Z.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia; and Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences (A.P.), Department of Molecular Medicine (P.B., O.B.), and Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences (F.B.), University of Pavia, Italy.
Enrico MarchioniFrom the Neuroncology Unit (G.B., E.V., E.M.), and Neuroradiology Unit (M.P., A.P.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Molecular Virology Unit (G.C., F.B.), Microbiology and Virology Department, Diagnostic Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit (A.M.S.), Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit (A.A.C., P.B., O.B.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit (A.D.M.), Pediatric Clinic (V.R., T.F., S.S.), and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (F.C., M.Z.), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia; and Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences (A.P.), Department of Molecular Medicine (P.B., O.B.), and Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences (F.B.), University of Pavia, Italy. enrico.marchioni@mondino.it.
University of Pavia · IT
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study was to analyze the clinical, radiologic, and biological features associated with human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) encephalitis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts to establish which clinical settings should prompt HHV-6 testing.
methodsWe performed a retrospective research in the virology database of Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo (Pavia, Italy) for all patients who tested positive for HHV-6 DNA in the CSF and/or in blood from January 2008 to September 2018 and separately assessed the number of patients meeting the criteria for HHV-6 encephalitis in the group of immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts.
resultsOf the 926 patients tested for HHV-6 during the period of interest, 45 met the study criteria. Among immunocompetent hosts (n = 17), HHV-6 encephalitis was diagnosed to 4 infants or children presenting with seizures or mild encephalopathy during primary HHV-6 infection (CSF/blood replication ratio <<1 in all cases). Among immunocompromised hosts (n = 28), HHV-6 encephalitis was diagnosed to 7 adolescents/adults with hematologic conditions presenting with altered mental status (7/7), seizures (3/7), vigilance impairment (3/7), behavioral changes (2/7), hyponatremia (2/7), and anterograde amnesia (1/7). Initial brain MRI was altered only in 2 patients, but 6 of the 7 had a CSF/blood replication ratio >1.
conclusionsThe detection of a CSF/blood replication ratio >1 represented a specific feature of immunocompromised patients with HHV-6 encephalitis and could be of special help to establish a diagnosis of HHV-6 encephalitis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients lacking radiologic evidence of limbic involvement.
Indexed as
Hematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationAdolescentAdultAntiviral AgentsEncephalitis, ViralFemaleHerpesvirus 6, HumanHumansImmunocompromised HostMaleRetrospective StudiesRoseolovirus InfectionsSeizuresYoung AdultAntiviral Agents
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