ArticleCirculation2021
Sex, Permanent Drug Discontinuation, and Study Retention in Clinical Trials: Insights From the TIMI trials.
Article in Circulation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lipid-Lowering Trials Are Not Representative of Patients Managed in Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Exclusion Criteria.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Pooled it
- Underrepresentation of women in randomized controlled trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Trials · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Sex-Based Differences in Outcomes Following Peripheral Artery Revascularization: Insights From VOYAGER PAD.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Trial
- Should we consider gender aspects in pharmacology teaching? No-we must!Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Adherence to Intranasal Corticosteroids in Patients with Severe Asthma and Nasal Polyposis: Pharmacological and Clinical Factors Involved.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Pediatric Participation in Biobanking Related to Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.Clinical pediatrics · 2025Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Clinical Trials.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2024Review
- Quality of care for secondary cardiovascular disease prevention in 2009-2017: population-wide cohort study of antiplatelet therapy use in Scotland.BMJ quality & safety · 2024Article
- Regular and Irregular Use and Reasons for Discontinuation of Solifenacin Therapy in Patients with Overactive Bladder Managed by Urologists.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Sex Difference in 5-year Relative Survival Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.European cardiology · 2024Article
- Sex X Time Interactions in Lp(a) and LDL-C Response to Evolocumab.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Gender disparities in time-to-initiation of cardioprotective glucose-lowering drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a Danish nationwide cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2022Article
- Sex-Specific Differences in Cardiovascular Risk, Risk Factors and Risk Management in the Peripheral Arterial Disease Population.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Sexual Dimorphism in Cardiovascular Biomarkers: Clinical and Research Implications.Circulation research · 2022Review
- Trends in outcomes of women with myocardial infarction undergoing primary angioplasty-Analysis of randomized trials.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Understanding Study Drug Discontinuation Through EUCLID.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Improving the enrollment of women and racially/ethnically diverse populations in cardiovascular clinical trials: An ASPC practice statement.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2021Article
- Changing the Face of Cardiovascular Trial Participation: Moving Beyond Middle-Aged White Guys.CJC open · 2021Article
- Association of clinical trial participation after myocardial infarction with socioeconomic status, clinical characteristics, and outcomes.European heart journal open · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWomen are underrepresented across cardiovascular clinical trials. Whether women are more likely than men to prematurely discontinue study drug or withdraw consent once enrolled in a clinical trial is unknown.
methodsEleven phase 3/4 TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) trials were included (135 879 men and 51 812 women [28%]). The association between sex and premature study drug discontinuation and withdrawal of consent were examined by multivariable logistic regression after adjusting for potential confounders in each individual trial and combining the individual point estimates in random effects models.
resultsAfter adjusting for baseline differences, women had 22% higher odds of premature drug discontinuation (adjusted odds ratio [OR
conclusionsWomen were more likely than men to prematurely discontinue study drug and withdraw consent across cardiovascular outcome trials. Premature study drug discontinuation was not explained by baseline differences by sex or a higher proportion of adverse events. Future trials should better capture reasons for drug discontinuation and withdrawal of consent to understand barriers to continued study drug use and clinical trial participation, particularly among women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.