ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery2021
Opioid Use among Adolescents Undergoing Surgical Repair of Facial Trauma.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prolonged opioid use after surgery in children, adolescents, and young adults: a systematic review.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2025Pooled it
- Opioid use disorder in pediatric populations: considerations for perioperative pain management and precision opioid analgesia.Expert review of clinical pharmacologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNew persistent opioid use has been quantified among adults undergoing surgery; less is known about the risk among adolescents. The authors examine new persistent opioid use in opioid-naive adolescent patients who underwent operative repair of facial fractures.
methodsUsing the IBM MarketScan Commercial Database, the authors performed a retrospective analysis of patients aged 11 to 17 years who underwent facial fracture repair between 2006 and 2015. The incidences of prolonged opioid use and potentially inappropriate opioid prescriptions were determined.
resultsOf 4892 patients, 78.5 percent filled a prescription. Among these patients, 7.9 percent had prolonged opioid use. Significant risk factors included older age (i.e., age 15 to 17 years) (OR, 1.579; 95 percent CI, 1.173 to 2.126 compared to younger patients), multiple comorbidities (OR, 3.005; 95 percent CI, 1.193 to 7.568), mandible fracture (OR, 1.614; 95 percent CI, 1.213 to 2.146), and multiple fractures (OR, 1.542; 95 percent CI, 1.002 to 2.372). Overall, 24.1 percent received a potentially inappropriate opioid prescription. Mandible fracture repair was associated with increased risk (OR, 2.753; 95 percent CI, 2.275 to 3.331) of potentially inappropriate opioid prescription.
conclusionsNearly one in 12 adolescents met criteria for prolonged opioid use; nearly one in four received a potentially inappropriate opioid prescription. Significant risk factors included mandible fracture, older age, multiple comorbidities, and multiple fractures. Like adults, many adolescents are at high risk for potentially inappropriate opioid prescriptions and prolonged opioid use following surgical repair. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Risk, III.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.