SynthesisAIDS (London, England)2021
Risk of adverse coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes for people living with HIV.
Synthesis in AIDS (London, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exit Meta-Analysis on the Effect of HIV on COVID-19 Mortality, Hospitalization, and ICU Admission.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of tenofovir on clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- COVID-19 Clinical Presentation Among HIV-Infected Persons in China: A Systematic Review.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Pooled it
- Outcomes of patients with HIV and COVID-19 co-infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.AIDS research and therapy · 2022Pooled it
- The likelihood of severe COVID-19 outcomes among PLHIV with various comorbidities: a comparative frequentist and Bayesian meta-analysis approach.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Pooled it
- Durability of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in people living with HIV.JCI insight · 2022Trial
- SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity among people living with and without HIV in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Haiti and Tanzania.IJID regions · 2026Article
- COVID-19 mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil: a multilevel analysis.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Pulmonary Immunocompromise in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease.Clinics in chest medicine · 2025Review
- Neutralizing antibody responses over time in a demographically and clinically diverse cohort of individuals recovered from SARS-CoV-2 acquisition in Africa: A cohort study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Clinical Outcomes of Special Populations: A Scoping Review of the Literature.Viruses · 2024Article
- Assessing COVID-19 Vulnerability Among HIV-positive Men Who Have Sex With Men in Korea: The Role of Vaccination and Sexual Behaviors.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2024Article
- COVID-19 vaccination willingness among people living with HIV in Shijiazhuang, China: a cross-sectional survey.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- HIV stigma and other barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Georgian people living with HIV/AIDS: A mixed-methods study.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Update on Central Nervous System Effects of the Intersection of HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Review
- Are people living with HIV have a low vulnerability to omicron variant infection: results from a cross-sectional study in China.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- COVID-19 and HIV: Clinical Outcomes among Hospitalized Patients in the United States.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Review
- The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Stress, Isolation, Smoking Behaviors, and Motivation to Quit in People with HIV Who Smoke.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess whether people living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality or adverse outcomes, and whether antiretroviral therapy (ART) influences this risk.
designRapid review with meta-analysis and narrative synthesis.
methodsWe searched databases including Embase, Medline, medRxiv and Google Scholar up to 26 August 2020 for studies describing COVID-19 outcomes in PLWH and conducted a meta-analysis of higher quality studies.
resultsWe identified 1908 studies and included 19 in the review. In a meta-analysis of five studies, PLWH had a higher risk of COVID-19 mortality [hazard ratio 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.62-2.34] compared with people without HIV. Risk of death remained elevated for PLWH in a subgroup analysis of hospitalized cohorts (hazard ratio 1.60, 95% CI: 1.12-2.27) and studies of PLWH across all settings (hazard ratio 2.08, 95% CI: 1.69-2.56). Eight other studies assessed the association between HIV and COVID-19 outcomes, but provided inconclusive, lower quality evidence due to potential confounding and selection bias. There were insufficient data on the effect of CD4+ T-cell count and HIV viral load on COVID-19 outcomes. Eleven studies reported COVID-19 outcomes by ART-regimen. In the two largest studies, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based regimens were associated with a lower risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes, although these analyses are susceptible to confounding by co-morbidities.
conclusionEmerging evidence suggests a moderately increased risk of COVID-19 mortality among PLWH. Further investigation into the relationship between COVID-19 outcomes and CD4+ T-cell count, HIV viral load, ART and the use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.