ArticleThe Angle orthodontist2021
Treatment outcomes of various force applications in growing patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion.
Article in The Angle orthodontist, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Soft tissue changes associated with Class III orthopaedic treatment in growing patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Progress in orthodontics · 2025Pooled it
- Retrospective Descriptive Case Series on the Use of AMCOPBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Assessing circum-maxillary sutures maturation by CBCT: a diagnostic indicator for skeletal age and treatment timing for class III malocclusion.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Article
- Face Mask versus Carrière MotionTurkish journal of orthodontics · 2025Article
- Improved superelastic Ni-Ti alloy wire for treating skeletal class III malocclusion combined with anterior crossbite: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2025Article
- Effect of SEC III protocol on upper airway dimensions in growing class III patients: a retrospective study.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- Comparative Analysis of Skeletal Changes, Occlusal Changes, and Palatal Morphology in Children with Mild Class III Malocclusion Treated with Elastodontic Appliances and Bimaxillary Plates.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue changes between intraoral light force application and extraoral heavy force application in growing patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion. MATERIALS AND: Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalometric data from 50 subjects with skeletal Class III malocclusion. In the first group (15 boys, 10 girls; 8.67 ± 2.13 years old), each subject wore a biocreative horseshoe appliance (CHS) with two Class III elastics that exerted a force of 200 g. In the second group (13 boys, 12 girls; 8.96 ± 1.82 years old), each subject wore a Petit-type facemask and a lingual arch with hooks fixed to the maxillary arch with a total force of 700 g. Both groups of patients were instructed to wear the appliance approximately 14 hours a day, and 22 linear measurements and 8 angular measurements were evaluated. Changes of measurements from each group were compared by paired t-tests, considering a 5% significance level.
resultsForward growth of the maxilla, improvement of the maxilla-mandible relationship, and upper incisor flaring were achieved in both groups without any statistically significant difference between them. Lateral cephalometric analysis also showed that U1 exposure, IMPA (Angle between mandibular plane and mandibular incisor axis), FMIA (Angle between FH plan and mandibular incisor axis), and L1-APog (Angle formed by the intersection of tooth axis of lower incisor and A-Pog line, Distance from lower incisor edge to A-Pog line) showed statistically significant differences. Lower incisors were inclined lingually in the CHS group.
conclusionsDuring treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion, the CHS with light Class III intermaxillary elastics therapy exhibits similar orthopedic changes to the maxillary complex and more dental changes to the lower anterior teeth compared with facemask therapy.
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