ArticleHNO2021
[Studies on toxicity and inflammatory reactions induced by e-cigarettes : In vitro exposure of human nasal mucosa cells to propylene glycol at the air-liquid interface].
Article in HNO, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chemosensory tobacco product toxicology part 2: toxicological testing, assays, and state of the science.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Review
- Article
- Different Sensitivity of Advanced Bronchial and Alveolar Mono- and Coculture Models for Hazard Assessment of Nanomaterials.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe e‑cigarette has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, the question of toxicity is not yet clear and there is global uncertainty regarding the use of e‑cigarettes. This is intensified by the fact that there is a lack of declaration of the liquid ingredients.
objectiveThe present paper investigates propylene glycol, a major component of the liquids, for possible acute inflammatory reactions as well as cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on human nasal mucosa cells. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe nasal mucosa cells from 10 volunteers were cultivated at the air-liquid interface and then exposed to different concentrations of propylene glycol. The analysis was carried out using the trypan blue test, comet assay, micronucleus test, and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL‑8 sandwich ELISA.
resultsThe trypan blue test showed no reduction in vitality. No increase in IL‑6 and IL‑8 concentrations were detected in the sandwich ELISA. In the comet assay, the Olive tail moment showed a dose-dependent increase in DNA fragmentation compared to the negative control at all examined concentrations. A difference between the pure substance and the negative control was shown in the micronucleus test.
conclusionPossibly repairable dose-dependent DNA fragmentation and profound DNA alterations at high concentrations of propylene glycol warrant enhanced genotoxicological studies. These should include long-term exposure studies and assessment of further ingredients of the liquids. Consequently, the manufacturers need to be forced to declare the latter.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.