ReviewTobacco prevention & cessation2021
A review of constituents identified in e-cigarette liquids and aerosols.
Review in Tobacco prevention & cessation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Clinical features, radiological findings, and mortality in patients with e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Health Effects from Secondhand Exposure to E-Cigarettes: A Systematic Review of Peer-Reviewed Articles from 2004-2024.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- The role of sweet/fruit-flavored disposable electronic cigarettes on early nicotine initiation - a systematic review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Electronic cigarette use, related health outcomes and policy interventions in the USA: a call for research to fill evidence gaps.Tobacco control · 2026Review
- Effects of E-Liquid Formulations on Nicotine Vapor Pressure and Implications for Nicotine Delivery and Toxicity.Toxics · 2026Article
- Regulation of immune checkpoints by electronic cigarette.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Exploring youth vaping in New Zealand intermediate and high schools: a mixed-methods study protocol.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of secondhand smoke and vaping exposure among U.S. Adolescents.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Components and Harm Perceptions of E-Cigarettes: Health Risks and Intervention Strategies among Multicultural Youth in Pakistan.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Analysis of physicians' statements on electronic cigarettes in YouTube videos in Türkiye: a thematic content analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of Toxicant Exposure among Youth in Canada, England, and the United States Who Vape and/or Smoke Tobacco or Do Neither.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Review
- Chemical Transformation of Vaping Emissions under Indoor Atmospheric Aging Processes.Chemical research in toxicology · 2025Article
- Physical and Chemical Characterization of Aerosols Produced from Commercial Nicotine Salt-Based E-Liquids.Chemical research in toxicology · 2025Article
- Pulmonary function and physical performance in adolescent e-cigarette users: a narrative review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Oral health impacts of vaping.Australian prescriber · 2024Article
- Acute cardiovascular effects of electronic cigarettes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European heart journal open · 2024Review
- Review
- The paradox of the safer cigarette: understanding the pulmonary effects of electronic cigarettes.The European respiratory journal · 2024Review
- Patterns and socioeconomic differences in secondhand exposure to cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco products at home in Hong Kong adolescents.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIdentification of chemicals present in e-liquids and aerosols is a vital first step in assessing the human health effects of e-cigarettes. We aim to identify the qualitative and quantitative constituents present in e-cigarette liquids and aerosols.
methodsA comprehensive search of scientific databases included literature up to July 2020. A total of 28 articles met inclusion criteria; 18 articles assessed e-liquid constituents and 15 articles assessed aerosol constituents. Of these, 5 assessed constituents present in both mediums. We included English-language publications that examine qualitative and/or quantitative constituents in e-cigarette liquids and aerosols.
resultsIn total, articles identified 60 compounds in e-liquids and 47 compounds in aerosols. A total of 22 compounds were identified in both e-liquids and aerosols. These are: acenaphthylene, acetaldehyde, acetol, antimony, benzaldehyde, benzene, chromium, copper, diacetyl, formaldehyde, glycerol, lead, limonene, naphthalene, nickel, nicotine, nicotine-N'-oxides, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), N-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN), propylene glycol, toluene, and vegetable glycerin. Some of the identified chemicals have been labeled as harmful, toxic, or cancerous through human, animal, and cell line studies. A variety of laboratory methods were used for analyses, which made reported levels less consistent.
conclusionsE-liquids and aerosols contain a variety of chemicals with potential health effects from inhaling them. Further, secondhand health effects are unknown because of limited understanding of the dose of exposure by non-users. Identification of constituents in e-cigarettes is the first step to determine their risks to humans and support evidence-based regulations and health policies.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.