ArticleFrontiers in immunology
Reaction of Human Monoclonal Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Proteins With Tissue Antigens: Implications for Autoimmune Diseases.
Article in Frontiers in immunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 202 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
202 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 329 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) following COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review.Revue neurologique · 2023Pooled it
- Graves' disease following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review of the reported cases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Endocrine system after 2 years of COVID-19 vaccines: A narrative review of the literature.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Causal associations between thyroid dysfunction and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Thyroid Inconveniences With Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2: The Size of the Matter. A Systematic Review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- The Association Between COVID-19 and Thyroxine Levels: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic review of COVID-19 and autoimmune thyroiditis.Travel medicine and infectious diseasePooled it
- Viral subversion of B-cell tolerance: mechanisms linking infection to autoimmunity.EMBO reports · 2026Review
- Tissue-specific autoantibody signatures reveal immune alterations undetected by routine serology in long COVID.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Endocrine disorders following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a comprehensive systematic review.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2026Article
- Comparative assessment of tissue cross-reactivity and pharmacokinetic half-life of malaria monoclonal antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Emerging evidence from China indicates SARS- COV-2 may be associated with newly diagnosed Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a clinical study of 54 patients with COVID-19 complicated by newly diagnosed disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Possess Autoimmune Properties.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Risk of thyroid dysfunction after COVID-19 vaccination: meta-analysis of 11 million individuals.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Long COVID and the kidney.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2025Review
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- Autoimmune reactions to ACE2 triggered by SARS-CoV-2 S protein and their histopathological consequences.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Detection of PEG-specific antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative sera with implications for autoimmune reactivity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
142 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We sought to determine whether immune reactivity occurs between anti-SARS-CoV-2 protein antibodies and human tissue antigens, and whether molecular mimicry between COVID-19 viral proteins and human tissues could be the cause. We applied both human monoclonal anti-SARS-Cov-2 antibodies (spike protein, nucleoprotein) and rabbit polyclonal anti-SARS-Cov-2 antibodies (envelope protein, membrane protein) to 55 different tissue antigens. We found that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies had reactions with 28 out of 55 tissue antigens, representing a diversity of tissue groups that included barrier proteins, gastrointestinal, thyroid and neural tissues, and more. We also did selective epitope mapping using BLAST and showed similarities and homology between spike, nucleoprotein, and many other SARS-CoV-2 proteins with the human tissue antigens mitochondria M2, F-actin and TPO. This extensive immune cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and different antigen groups may play a role in the multi-system disease process of COVID-19, influence the severity of the disease, precipitate the onset of autoimmunity in susceptible subgroups, and potentially exacerbate autoimmunity in subjects that have pre-existing autoimmune diseases. Very recently, human monoclonal antibodies were approved for use on patients with COVID-19. The human monoclonal antibodies used in this study are almost identical with these approved antibodies. Thus, our results can establish the potential risk for autoimmunity and multi-system disorders with COVID-19 that may come from cross-reactivity between our own human tissues and this dreaded virus, and thus ensure that the badly-needed vaccines and treatments being developed for it are truly safe to use against this disease.
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