ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Revisiting the Hygiene Hypothesis in the Context of Autoimmunity.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy of diet on fatigue, quality of life and disability status in multiple sclerosis patients: rapid review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Infections in the first year of life and development of beta cell autoimmunity and clinical type 1 diabetes in high-risk individuals: the TRIGR cohort.Diabetologia · 2022Trial
- Life-course hygiene exposures and disorders of gut-brain interaction: a multinational cross-sectional study.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- An Epidemiology-Constrained Framework for Mechanistic Hypothesis Restriction and Prioritization in Complex Disease.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2026Article
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Allergic Diseases: A Nationwide Study of 1.5 Million Adolescents.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Viral Immunity in Immunoglobulin Products: Global Immunity Debt and Autoimmunity in the Postpandemic Era.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Fasciola hepatica-Derived Proteins Shield the Heart From Type 2 Myocardial Infarction in Rats by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Imbalance: Insights Relevant to the Hygiene Hypothesis.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2026Article
- Evaluation of distinct and similar pathological features between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Imbalance of stem-like and effector T cell states in children with early type 1 diabetes across conventional and regulatory subsets.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Noise as Medicine: The Role of Microbial and Electrical Noise in Restoring Neuroimmune Tolerance Through Stochastic Resonance.NeuroSci · 2025Review
- Prevalence of Anti-Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Trend analysis and cross-national inequity analysis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases in children and adolescents aged 10-24 from 1990 to 2021.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2025Article
- Distinct anti-microbial peptides expression patterns and microbiome profiles in skin of Tunisian endemic Pemphigus foliaceus patients.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Article
- Immunologic derangement caused by intestinal dysbiosis and stress is the intrinsic basis of reactive arthritis.Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2024Review
- Lupus and other autoimmune diseases: Epidemiology in the population of African ancestry and diagnostic and management challenges in Africa.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2024Review
- Contributions of Synthetic Chemicals to Autoimmune Disease Development and Occurrence.Current environmental health reports · 2024Review
- Viruses as a potential environmental trigger of type 1 diabetes mellitus (Review).Biomedical reports · 2024Review
- Fermented foods and gastrointestinal health: underlying mechanisms.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Review
- Of potential new treatment targets and polythetic approach in meningoencephalitis of unknown origin: a review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Initially described for allergic diseases, the hygiene hypothesis was extended to autoimmune diseases in the early 2000s. A historical overview allows appreciation of the development of this concept over the last two decades and its discussion in the context of evolution. While the epidemiological data are convergent, with a few exceptions, the underlying mechanisms are multiple and complex. A major question is to determine what is the respective role of pathogens, bacteria, viruses, and parasites,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.