ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2020
TLR9 in MAFLD and NASH: At the Intersection of Inflammation and Metabolism.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut-derived bacterial extracellular vesicles: the microbial dark matter contributing to host inflammation and cardiometabolic disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Gut‑liver‑kidney axis: A systems biology framework for understanding and treating chronic kidney disease (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Beyond Decellularization: Remnant Mitochondrial DNA Can Act as Hidden Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cell-Free DNA (cfDNA), Its Applications in Cancer Diagnosis and Monitoring, and Its Potential Role in Regulating Cancer Metabolism.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Transcriptomic, Redox Status and Adipocytokine Profiles in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Impact of Coexisting Type 2 Diabetes.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Quercetin alleviates metabolic-associated fatty liver disease by tuning hepatic lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation.Animal biotechnology · 2025Article
- Unraveling the Metabolic Pathways Between Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) and Sarcopenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- From Childhood Obesity to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and Hyperlipidemia Through Oxidative Stress During Childhood.Metabolites · 2025Review
- The accumulation of harmful genes within the ROH hotspot regions of the Tibetan sheep genome does not lead to genetic load.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Inflammatory Indices and MAFLD Prevalence in Hypertensive Patients: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Analysis from China.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- DNA sensors in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- MAFLD: A Comprehensive Review of the Link Between Metabolic Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Risk.Hepatic medicine : evidence and research · 2025Review
- Macrophage-Hepatocyte Circuits Mediated by Grancalcin Aggravate the Progression of Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatohepatitis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: The Influence of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Mitochondrial Dysfunctions, and the Role of Polyphenols.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Insights into geriatric health: primary sarcopenia and innate immunity dynamics, examining SARC-F, serum TLR 4, TLR 9, and resolvin levels.Internal and emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Effects of aging and lifelong aerobic exercise on expression of innate immune components in skeletal muscle of women.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2024Article
- Preliminary study on the participation of TLR9 on erythrocyte surface combined with mtDNA in the monitoring of infectious diseases.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Targeting hepatic macrophages for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease therapy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- The bidirectional immune crosstalk in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.Cell metabolism · 2023Review
- Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression: From Classic to Novel Clinicopathogenetic Implications.Cancers · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) is an ancient receptor integral to the primordial functions of inflammation and metabolism. TLR9 functions to regulate homeostasis in a healthy system under acute stress. The literature supports that overactivation of TLR9 under the chronic stress of obesity is a critical driver of the pathogenesis of NASH and NASH-associated fibrosis. Research has focused on the core contributions of the parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells in the liver, adipose, and gut compartments. TLR9 is activated by endogenous circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Chronically elevated circulating levels of mtDNA, caused by the stress of overnutrition, are observed in obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and NASH. Clinical evidence is supportive of TLR9 overactivation as a driver of disease. The role of TLR9 in metabolism and energy regulation may have an underappreciated contribution in the pathogenesis of NASH. Antagonism of TLR9 in NASH and NASH-associated fibrosis could be an effective therapeutic strategy to target both the inflammatory and metabolic components of such a complex disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.