ReviewFrontiers in physiology2021
Pathogenesis of Multiple Organ Injury in COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.
Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 169 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glycemic variability and the short-term mortality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Non-Invasive Multimodal Neuromonitoring in Non-Critically Ill Hospitalized Adult Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Safety and long-term improvement of mesenchymal stromal cell infusion in critically COVID-19 patients: a randomized clinical trial.Stem cell research & therapy · 2022Trial
- Safety and efficacy study of allogeneic human menstrual blood stromal cells secretome to treat severe COVID-19 patients: clinical trial phase I & II.Stem cell research & therapy · 2022Trial
- Mechanistic Interplay Between Multiple Myeloma and Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Therapeutic Promise of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Anti-SARS-CoV-2 VHH and C7C peptide fused with Angiopep-2 efficiently traverse blood-brain barrier model and neutralizes virus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- COVID-19 is Associated with a Lipid Storm that Worsens in Cases of Severe Pneumonia.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- P selectin promotes SARS-CoV-2 interactions with platelets and the endothelium.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on pituitary function: a cross-sectional study in southern Iran.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Sex bias determines MERS-CoV infection outcomes in a mouse model of differential pathogenicity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Evolution of Antiviral Drug Resistance in SARS-CoV-2.Viruses · 2025Review
- Enhanced Production of Lipid Mediators in Plasma and Activation of DNA Damage Pathways in PBMCs Are Correlated With the Severity of Ancestral SARS-CoV-2 Infection.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Comparative Insights into COVID-19 and Tuberculosis: Clinical Manifestations, Inflammatory Markers, and Outcomes in Pulmonary Versus Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis andJournal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring Asthma as a Protective Factor in COVID-19 Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Solid Organ Transplants Caused by COVID-19 Infection and the Outcome of Transplantation Post-COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Article
- Utility of Protein Markers in COVID-19 Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Differential immunoregulation by human surfactant protein A variants determines severity of SARS-CoV-2-induced lung disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Post-COVID-19 Cognitive Dysfunction: Analyzing the Role of Age, Lifestyle, and Neurological Impairments: A Multi-Centric Case-Control Study.Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH · 2025Article
- Predicting clinical outcomes at hospital admission of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia using artificial intelligence: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, formerly 2019-nCoV) is a novel coronavirus that has rapidly disseminated worldwide, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As of January 6th, 2021, there were over 86 million global confirmed cases, and the disease has claimed over 1.87 million lives (a ∼2.2% case fatality rate). SARS-CoV-2 is able to infect human cells by binding its spike (S) protein to angiotensin-conversing enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is expressed abundantly in several cell types and tissues. ACE2 has extensive biological activities as a component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and plays a pivotal role as counter-regulator of angiotensin II (Ang II) activity by converting the latter to Ang (1-7). Virion binding to ACE2 for host cell entry leads to internalization of both via endocytosis, as well as activation of ADAM17/TACE, resulting in downregulation of ACE2 and loss of its protective actions in the lungs and other organs. Although COVID-19 was initially described as a purely respiratory disease, it is now known that infected individuals can rapidly progress to a multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. In fact, all human structures that express ACE2 are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or to the downstream effects of reduced ACE2 levels, namely systemic inflammation and injury. In this review, we aim to summarize the major features of SARS-CoV-2 biology and the current understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis, as well as its clinical repercussions in the lung, heart, kidney, bowel, liver, and brain. We also highlight potential therapeutic targets and current global efforts to identify safe and effective therapies against this life-threatening condition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.