ReviewFrontiers in physiology2020
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in the Assessment of Dysfunctional Breathing.
Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does the breathing response limit exercise tolerance in patients weaning from mechanical ventilation?ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Breathing pattern disorder: assessment and diagnosis.ERJ open research · 2026Review
- Rethinking normality in cardiopulmonary exercise testing: why percentile-based thresholds deserve a greater role.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- The Brompton Breathing Pattern Assessment Tool (BPAT): A Journey to Identify the Unknown, a Decade on….Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2026Article
- Living with breathing pattern disorder: a scoping review.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- An objective method to detect sighs during cardio-pulmonary exercise testing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Predictability of breathing parameters during cardiopulmonary exercise testing using entropy measurements.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Dysfunctional Breathing: A Case Series of Five Young Women.Respirology case reports · 2025Article
- Continuous bronchoscopy during exercise in a pediatric patient: A case report.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Characterization of dysfunctional breathing using cardiopulmonary exercise testing.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Exercise Recommendations and Practical Considerations for Asthma Management-An EAACI Position Paper.Allergy · 2025Article
- Characterising dysfunctional breathing seen in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 using approximate entropy.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Unexplained breathlessness: Integrating pathophysiological insights with clinical evaluation.Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Comparing methods to measure the dispersion of breathing parameters during exercise testing: A simulation study based on real-life parameters from patients with dysfunctional breathing.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Abnormal breathing patterns and hyperventilation are common in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome during exercise.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Dysfunctional Breathing in Children: A Literature Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- A case report of cardiopulmonary exercise testing and incentive spirometry-guided breathing pattern alteration for a severely tachypnoeic kyphoscoliotic patient undergoing major thoracic surgery for suspected lung malignancy.SAGE open medical case reports · 2024Article
- Balancing the value and risk of exercise-based therapy post-COVID-19: a narrative review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Review
- Current definitions of the breathing cycle in alveolar breath-by-breath gas exchange analysis.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dysfunctional breathing (DB) is a disabling condition which affects the biomechanical breathing pattern and is challenging to diagnose. It affects individuals in many circumstances, including those without underlying disease who may even be athletic in nature. DB can also aggravate the symptoms of those with established heart or lung conditions. However, it is treatable and individuals have much to gain if it is recognized appropriately. Here we consider the role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in the identification and management of DB. Specifically, we have described the diagnostic criteria and presenting symptoms. We explored the physiology and pathophysiology of DB and physiological consequences in the context of exercise. We have provided examples of its interplay with co-morbidity in other chronic diseases such as asthma, pulmonary hypertension and left heart disease. We have discussed the problems with the current methods of diagnosis and proposed how CPET could improve this. We have provided guidance on how CPET can be used for diagnosis, including consideration of pattern recognition and use of specific data panels. We have considered categorization, e.g., predominant breathing pattern disorder or acute or chronic hyperventilation. We have explored the distinction from gas exchange or ventilation/perfusion abnormalities and described other potential pitfalls, such as false positives and periodic breathing. We have also illustrated an example of a clinical pathway utilizing CPET in the diagnosis and treatment of individuals with suspected DB.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.