ArticleJournal of maxillofacial and oral surgery2021
Congenital Maxillomandibular Syngnathia: Review of Literature and Proposed New Classification System.
Article in Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of Smoothened Agonist Exposure on Murine Craniofacial Development.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Congenital syngnathia: a case report of osseous fusion between the maxilla and mandible.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Congenital Syngnathia With Holoprosencephaly: A Case Report of a Fatal Presentation in a Resource-Limited Setting.Clinical case reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Congenital Unilateral Zygomaticomaxillomandibular Fusion in a 4-year-old Girl.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Congenital Maxillomandibular Synechia with Multiple Malformations in a Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infant: A Case Report.AJP reports · 2023Article
- Novel de novo missense mutation in the interferon regulatory factor 6 gene in an Italian infant with IRF6-related disorder.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Initial resuscitation of a neonate with congenital maxillomandibular syngnathia: A case report and literature review.Resuscitation plus · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeMaxillomandibular fusion (syngnathia) is a rare craniofacial anomaly. It occurs as either fibrous (synechiae) or bony (synostosis) fusion of jaw or fusion of mandible to zygoma, tuberosity, hard palate and temporal bone. There are several documentations delineating this condition but owing to its varying presentation, association with both intraoral and extraoral anomalies and syndromes, reviewing it has been as uphill task. The non-unanimous description of cases in the literature and the use of different nomenclatures make it difficult to classify this condition.
methodsExtensive search of the literature was done from the year 1936 to 2018 which included a total of 118 cases with 62 cases of bony fusion, 48 cases of fibrous fusion and 8 cases of combined fusion, i.e., fibrous on one site and bony on another side.
resultsThis paper proposes a novel, simple and explicit classification system on the basis of nature of fusing tissues, location and extent, association with syndrome after reviewing the existing literature. Furthermore, this review reports 4 new cases of syngnathia along with their clinical, radiographic features and their management protocol.
conclusionsThis classification can be generalized to all the cases of syngnathia and can further facilitate in its appropriate diagnosis and treatment plan.
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