ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2021
"I probably got a minute": Perceptions of fentanyl test strip use among people who use stimulants.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and correlates of fentanyl test strip use among people who use drugs in Rhode Island.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Trial
- Perception and Correlates of Opioid Overdose Risk Among Overdose Survivors Who Use Nonprescribed Opioids in San Francisco and Boston.Substance use & addiction journal · 2024Trial
- Probability of fentanyl adulteration in cocaine selectively decreases cocaine demand.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Public Knowledge and Perceptions of Fentanyl Test Strips: A National Cross-Sectional Survey Informed by the Health Belief Model.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic Characteristics and Drug Use Practices Associated with Fentanyl Use Frequency Among People Who Use Drugs in Rhode Island.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- Urgent response is needed to address the stimulant-fentanyl related overdose crisis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Donovan Memorial Lecture: 'Fentanyl-Plus': A New Era of Fentanyl Polydrug Combinations in the North American Overdose Crisis.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2026Article
- Urgent Need for Pairing Training and Education With Fentanyl Test Strip Distribution.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Article
- "We knew it was coming: we didn't act" perspectives from people who use drugs and substance use workforce on the impact of delays in implementation of the supervised injection facility and drug checking interventions.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Motivational interviewing to increase drug checking and reduce overdose rates among people who use drugs: protocol for a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation trial of an adjunctive intervention.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Prospective cohort study of fentanyl test strip use and distribution in three states: the stay safe study protocol and implementation recommendations for researchers.Harm reduction journal · 2025Observational
- Using RE-AIM to evaluate the implementation of a social marketing and free product distribution project for fentanyl and xylazine test strips in New York State.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Use of reagent test kits and fentanyl test strips among electronic music festival attendees in Colorado: prevalence, barriers, and behavior in response to drug checking.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Is fentanyl in everything? Examining the unexpected occurrence of illicit opioids in British Columbia's drug supply.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Harm Reduction as a Form of 'Wrap-Around' Care: The Nursing Role.International journal of mental health nursing · 2025Review
- Predictors of Awareness of Fentanyl Test Strips Among People Who Inject Drugs in Northeast Georgia.Substance use & misuse · 2025Article
- Nitazene test strips: a laboratory evaluation.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Strategies used to reduce harms associated with fentanyl exposure among rural people who use drugs: multi-site qualitative findings from the rural opioid initiative.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Patients presenting to the ED with nonfatal drug overdose: Self-reported history of overdose and naloxone use.The American journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Harm Reduction and Treatment Among People at High Risk of Overdose.JAMA network open · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFentanyl dominates the heroin supply in many regions of the United States. One harm reduction response has been the distribution of fentanyl test strips to people who use heroin to test for the presence of fentanyl. Reports increasingly indicate that fentanyl contamination is occurring in the illicit stimulant market, but whether people who use stimulants would use fentanyl test strips is unknown.
methodsBetween January 2019 and January 2020, fifteen people in Philadelphia, PA who reported stimulant use completed a semi-structured interview with questions about their perceptions of fentanyl and willingness to use fentanyl test strips. Data were coded and analyzed for thematic content using constructs from the Health Belief Model and risk environment theory.
resultsParticipants primarily reported using crack cocaine or crack cocaine/heroin, while some used methamphetamine, powder cocaine, or prescription opioids. All were aware of fentanyl and believed they were susceptible to a fentanyl overdose as stimulant users. Participants perceived benefits of using test strips but reported barriers, such as the unpredictable nature of buying or using drugs and not wanting to delay drug use to test. Structural conditions impeded participant actions to reduce overdose risk if their drugs tested positive for fentanyl.
conclusionFentanyl test strips were a desired harm reduction tool by many participants who used stimulants. In addition to providing access to the strips, programs should tailor overdose prevention education to these clients by acknowledging susceptibility, amplifying benefits, and addressing drug-specific barriers to use of fentanyl test strips.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.