ArticleBMC microbiology2021
Acid tolerance in early colonizers of oral biofilms.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modulating Oral Microbiota to Prevent Dental Caries: A Microbial Ecology Approach.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Subgingival Microbiota Shifts Following Diode Laser-Activated Indocyanine Green Treatment in Periodontitis: A Pilot 16S rDNA Study.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Dynamic Changes and Correlations of Physicochemical Parameters, Flavor Compounds and Microbial Communities During Soy Sauce Koji Production.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Differential antimicrobial activity of two LL37 derivatives against periodontal bacteria, including enhanced efficacy againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Bacterial proteomic profile of early colonizers on the acquired pellicle of patients with head and neck cancer.Brazilian oral research · 2026Article
- A cross-sectional metagenomic analysis of the microbial ecology in symptomatic apical periodontitis - AnJournal of conservative dentistry and endodontics · 2026Article
- Synergistic action of specialized metabolites from divergent biosynthesis in the human oral microbiome.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The Oral-Gut Microbiota Axis Across the Lifespan: New Insights on a Forgotten Interaction.Nutrients · 2025Review
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- Deletion ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Microbial dysbiosis in periodontitis and peri-implantitis: pathogenesis, immune responses, and therapeutic.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Inhibitory Effects of Surface Pre-Reacted Glass Ionomer Filler Eluate onInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Effects of glucose and lactate onMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Oral biofilm composition and phenotype in caries-active and caries-free children.Frontiers in oral health · 2024Article
- Effects of Novel Dental Composites onJournal of functional biomaterials · 2023Article
- Article
- The Role of Bacterial, Dentinal, Salivary, and Neutrophil Degradative Activity in Caries Pathogenesis.Dentistry journal · 2023Review
- New Preventive Strategy against Oral Biofilm Formation in Caries-Active Children: An In Vitro Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Acidic Microenvironment-Sensitive Core-Shell Microcubes: The Self-assembled and the Therapeutic Effects for Caries Prevention.European journal of dentistry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn caries, low pH drives selection and enrichment of acidogenic and aciduric bacteria in oral biofilms, and development of acid tolerance in early colonizers is thought to play a key role in this shift. Since previous studies have focussed on planktonic cells, the effect of biofilm growth as well as the role of a salivary pellicle on this process is largely unknown. We explored acid tolerance and acid tolerance response (ATR) induction in biofilm cells of both clinical and laboratory strains of three oral streptococcal species (Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus mutans) as well as two oral species of Actinomyces (A. naeslundii and A. odontolyticus) and examined the role of salivary proteins in acid tolerance development.
methodsBiofilms were formed on surfaces in Ibidi® mini flow cells with or without a coating of salivary proteins and acid tolerance assessed by exposing them to a challenge known to kill non-acid tolerant cells (pH 3.5 for 30 min) followed by staining with LIVE/DEAD BacLight and confocal scanning laser microscopy. The ability to induce an ATR was assessed by exposing the biofilms to an adaptation pH (pH 5.5) for 2 hours prior to the low pH challenge.
resultsBiofilm formation significantly increased acid tolerance in all the clinical streptococcal strains (P < 0.05) whereas the laboratory strains varied in their response. In biofilms, S. oralis was much more acid tolerant than S. gordonii or S. mutans. A. naeslundii showed a significant increase in acid tolerance in biofilms compared to planktonic cells (P < 0.001) which was not seen for A. odontolyticus. All strains except S. oralis induced an ATR after pre-exposure to pH 5.5 (P < 0.05). The presence of a salivary pellicle enhanced both acid tolerance development and ATR induction in S. gordonii biofilms (P < 0.05) but did not affect the other bacteria to the same extent.
conclusionsThese findings suggest that factors such as surface contact, the presence of a salivary pellicle and sensing of environmental pH can contribute to the development of high levels of acid tolerance amongst early colonizers in oral biofilms which may be important in the initiation of caries.
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