Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33582982›Full record

ReviewCNS drugs2021

24-Hour Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel: Clinical Experience and Practical Recommendations.

Sandeep Thakkar, Victor S C Fung, Aristide Merola, Meredith Rollins, Michael J Soileau, Norbert Kovács

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in CNS drugs, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Customizing Parkinson's care: sustaining continuous levodopa therapy post-gastrectomy.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
    Article
  9. Subcutaneous administration of foslevodopa/foscarbidopa (PRODUODOPANeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
    Article
  10. Monotherapy with infusion therapies - useful or not?Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Current and novel infusion therapies for patients with Parkinson's disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2023
    Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Sandeep ThakkarDepartment of Neuroscience, Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian, 510 Superior Ave, Suite 200A, Newport Beach, CA, 92663, USA. sandeep.thakkar@Hoag.org.
Victor S C FungMovement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Aristide MerolaDepartment of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
Meredith RollinsTexas Movement Disorder Specialists, Georgetown, TX, USA.
Michael J SoileauTexas Movement Disorder Specialists, Georgetown, TX, USA.
Norbert KovácsDepartment of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian · USThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center · USUniversity of Pecs · HUWestmead Hospital · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Infusion of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG; also designated carbidopa-levodopa enteral suspension) for 16 hours is a standard treatment for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, and clinical observations suggest that 24-hour LCIG infusion may further reduce symptoms. This review provides practical advice on the management of patients transitioning to 24-hour LCIG infusion. We review available clinical data for 24-hour infusion and discuss adjustments to dosing, recommendations for monitoring, and management of patient concerns, based on our clinical experience. Data from multiple studies suggest that LCIG may improve non-motor symptoms. Although few studies have examined 24-hour LCIG infusion, available data indicate that certain patients may benefit from around-the-clock treatment. Studies of 24-hour LCIG infusion are limited by small sample sizes and open-label study designs, which may hamper translation to clinical practice. In our experience, we have found that patients may benefit from 24-hour infusion when reductions in nocturnal symptoms and improvements to quality of sleep are needed. Levodopa-unresponsive freezing of gait or poorly controlled troublesome dyskinesias may also indicate a patient may benefit from 24-hour infusion. Dose adjustments, especially of the nocturnal rate, are typically necessary and, as with 16-hour infusion, patients should be monitored for autonomic dysfunction; overnight wearing off symptoms; weight changes; fluctuations in plasma levels of vitamins B

Indexed as

Antiparkinson AgentsCarbidopaDrug Administration ScheduleDrug CombinationsDrug MonitoringGelsHumansLevodopaParkinson DiseaseTime FactorsAntiparkinson AgentsCarbidopacarbidopa, levodopa drug combinationDrug CombinationsGelsLevodopa

Identifiers

PMID33582982
PMCPMC7907013
OpenAlexW3130488227

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.