ArticleJournal of affective disorders2021
Psychological distress associated with the COVID-19 lockdown: A two-wave network analysis.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emotion regulation and mental health across cultures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nature human behaviour · 2025Pooled it
- Association between problematic social networking use and anxiety symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychology · 2024Pooled it
- Environmental enrichment: a systematic review on the effect of a changing spatial complexity on hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity in rodents, with considerations for translation to urban and built environments for humans.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- An observatory on changes in dreaming during a pandemic: a living systematic review (part 1).Journal of sleep research · 2023Pooled it
- Anxiety Linked to COVID-19: A Systematic Review Comparing Anxiety Rates in Different Populations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Trajectories of internalizing problems during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: The effects of sex and early life stress.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Direct and indirect associations linking COVID-19 severity to internalizing disorders and symptoms among participants in New Haven, CT.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- The Impact of Government-Funded Brief Psychological Interventions on Mental Health: A Longitudinal Evaluation of the Italian "Psychological Bonus" Policy.Community mental health journal · 2026Article
- Mapping the physiological, psychological and social landscape of the oral frailty network: a cross-sectional network analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Entrepreneurship Under Fire: Psychological Distress During Armed Conflict from a Public Health Perspective.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Differential Associations Between Adaptability and Mental Health Symptoms Across Interpersonal Style Groups: A Network Comparison Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pre-pandemic brain structure and COVID-19 fear: insights into posttraumatic stress and general distress.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Healthcare professionals' perceptions of system preparedness during public health emergencies: a path analysis of mental health impacts.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Network analyses of physical and psychological factors of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders in student musicians: a cross-sectional study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- The Impact of COVID-19 on Migraine: The Patients' Perspective.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Network analysis on psychopathological symptoms, psychological measures, quality of life and COVID-19 related factors in Chinese psychiatric patients in Hong Kong.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Maintenance in relationships, satisfaction, jealousy, and violence in young couples: a network analysis.BMC psychology · 2023Article
- Effect of the COVID‑19 pandemic on the management and outcomes of patients with traumatic injuries (Review).Biomedical reports · 2023Review
- Understanding Problematic Gaming During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Adolescents and Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Clinical neuropsychiatry · 2023Review
- The relationship between salivary Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 and cortisol reactivity and psychological outcomes prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of affective disorders reports · 2023Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough preliminary research has evidenced negative psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic among the general population, little research has been carried out examining the interplay among the broader dimensions and correlates of individual distress. Via network analysis, the current study investigated the pathways that underlie some components of psychological distress and their changes over time (during and post COVID-19-related lockdown).
methods1,129 adult participants (79.1% women) completed a two-wave online survey during and after the lockdown, and reported on variables such as depression, anxiety, stress, fear of COVID, intolerance of uncertainty, emotion regulation and social support. The networks were estimated via Gaussian Graphical Models and their temporal changes were compared through the centrality measures.
resultsDepression, stress, anxiety and fear of COVID formed a spatially contiguous pattern, which remained unchanged in both the two waves. After the lockdown, the fear of COVID node reduced its strength in the network, whereas inhibitory intolerance of uncertainty and emotion suppression were associated with depression. Emotion regulation was connected to depression, but not to stress and anxiety during both waves. Perceived emotional support had few connections to the other nodes. LIMITATIONS: Only 32.7% of participants provided complete responses for both waves.
conclusionThe COVID-19 outbreak has had a significant psychosocial impact on adults. In the context of the network approach, depressive symptoms had the highest strength and their associations to other dimensions of individual distress may be key factors in understanding the influence of exposure to the COVID-19 outbreak on mental health.
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