Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33581801›Full record

ReviewLancet (London, England)2021

Anxiety disorders.

Brenda Wjh Penninx, Daniel S Pine, Emily A Holmes, Andreas Reif

Erratum issuedOpen access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Lancet (London, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 334 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
334citing papers in PubMed, 14 pooled it
72.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

334 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 630 citations in OpenAlex.

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  3. Association between sleep paralysis and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026
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  5. Antianxiety effects of dexmedetomidine: systematic review and meta-analysis.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026
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274 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.

Brenda Wjh PenninxDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands; GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Electronic address: b.penninx@amsterdamumc.nl.
Daniel S PineEmotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Emily A HolmesDepartment of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Andreas ReifDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt-Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
GGZ inGeest · NLNational Institute of Mental Health · USUniversity Hospital Frankfurt · DEUppsala University · SE

Funding

fMRI Studies Of Pediatric Mood And Anxiety DisordersZIAMH002781 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI PINE, DANIEL · 2009 to 2025
$41.5M
Fmri Studies Of Risk For Mood And Anxiety Disorders In ChildrenZIAMH002782 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI PINE, DANIEL · 2009 to 2025
$28.3M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA MH002781
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Anxiety disorders form the most common group of mental disorders and generally start before or in early adulthood. Core features include excessive fear and anxiety or avoidance of perceived threats that are persistent and impairing. Anxiety disorders involve dysfunction in brain circuits that respond to danger. Risk for anxiety disorders is influenced by genetic factors, environmental factors, and their epigenetic relations. Anxiety disorders are often comorbid with one another and with other mental disorders, especially depression, as well as with somatic disorders. Such comorbidity generally signifies more severe symptoms, greater clinical burden, and greater treatment difficulty. Reducing the large burden of disease from anxiety disorders in individuals and worldwide can be best achieved by timely, accurate disease detection and adequate treatment administration, scaling up of treatments when needed. Evidence-based psychotherapy (particularly cognitive behavioural therapy) and psychoactive medications (particularly serotonergic compounds) are both effective, facilitating patients' choices in therapeutic decisions. Although promising, no enduring preventive measures are available, and, along with frequent therapy resistance, clinical needs remain unaddressed. Ongoing research efforts tackle these problems, and future efforts should seek individualised, more effective approaches for treatment with precision medicine.

Indexed as

Anxiety DisordersComorbidityHumansPsychotherapyPsychotropic DrugsPsychotropic Drugs

Identifiers

PMID33581801
PMCPMC9248771
OpenAlexW4211110355

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.