ArticleInternational urogynecology journal2022
Urinary and anal incontinence among female gymnasts and cheerleaders-bother and associated factors. A cross-sectional study.
Article in International urogynecology journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elite female athletes' experiences of symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction: A systematic review.International urogynecology journal · 2022Pooled it
- Pelvic floor muscle training in female functional fitness exercisers: an assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial.British journal of sports medicine · 2024Trial
- Pelvic floor symptoms in 746 female field hockey players in Australia. A retrospective survey.JSAMS plus · 2026Article
- Creation and Validation of a Comprehensive Instrument to Assess UI in Female Athletes and Active Women.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Childhood Stress Urinary Incontinence in High-Impact Gymnasts: Does it Affect Their Future Risk of Adult Stress Urinary Incontinence?International urogynecology journal · 2026Observational
- Association between imaging-derived fat distribution and stress urinary incontinence: a cross-sectional study in US adult women.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Urinary Incontinence in Young Gymnastics Athletes: A Scoping Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Hidden Challenge: Pelvic Floor Symptoms and Their Impact on Performance and Well-Being in Elite Female Rugby Players.European journal of sport science · 2025Observational
- Associations between metabolic score for visceral fat and urinary incontinence among US adult women: a population-based cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Athletes' Knowledge of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction and Their Knowledge of and Engagement with Pelvic Floor Muscle Training: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Sport practice and hemorrhoidal disease: results from a self-assessment questionnaire among athletes.International journal of colorectal disease · 2025Observational
- Exploring the connection between the hip and pelvic floor in women with exercise-induced urinary incontinence: integrating clinical hypotheses with current evidence.Journal of pelvic, obstetric and gynaecological physiotherapy · 2025Article
- Urinary Incontinence in Active Female Young Adults: Healthcare Preferences, Priorities and Experiences.International urogynecology journal · 2024Article
- Pelvic Floor Muscle Training on Stress Urinary Incontinence in Power- and Weightlifters: a Pilot Study.International urogynecology journal · 2024Article
- Prevalence of pelvic floor dysfunction in recreational athletes: a cross-sectional survey.International urogynecology journal · 2023Article
- Strenuous physical activity, exercise, and pelvic organ prolapse: a narrative scoping review.International urogynecology journal · 2023Article
- Experience of Playing Sport or Exercising for Women with Pelvic Floor Symptoms: A Qualitative Study.Sports medicine - open · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisArtistic gymnastics, team gymnastics and cheerleading are sports including high-impact activities. It is presumed that the athletes' pelvic floor must be functioning well to prevent urinary (UI) and anal incontinence (AI) during sports. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for UI and AI in female artistic gymnasts, team gymnasts and cheerleaders; the influence of UI and AI on daily living and sport performance; and the athletes' knowledge about the pelvic floor muscles (PFM).
methodsAll female athletes ≥ 12 years of age competing in ≥ 1 National Championship in artistic gymnastics, team gymnastics or cheerleading in 2018/2019 were invited. International Consensus on Incontinence Questionnaires were used to assess the prevalence/bother of UI and AI.
resultsAmong the 319 gymnasts and cheerleaders who participated, the prevalence of UI and AI was 67% and 84%, respectively. Age, training ≥ 4 days/week and straining to void were significantly associated with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and years of training with AI. Eighty-three percent of athletes with SUI reported a negative effect on sports performance, 22% would occasionally avoid training or specific exercises because of leakage, and 28% used pads for protection. Forty-one percent of the athletes had never heard about the PFM, and 74% reported an interest in PFM training to prevent/treat UI or AI.
conclusionsUI and AI were prevalent in female gymnasts and cheerleaders, and SUI negatively influenced sport performance. The athletes' knowledge about the PFM was limited.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.