ArticleScientific reports2021
Topographical mapping of the mechanical characteristics of the human neurocranium considering the role of individual layers.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Experimental determination of the stabbing intensity in an intracranial stabbing death.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Uniaxial tensile material properties of adult Chinese dura mater: investigating the influence of age, sex, and anatomical site.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- The emerging importance of skull-brain interactions in traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Cranial Bone Changes Induced by Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries: A Neglected Player in Concussion Outcomes?Neurotrauma reports · 2023Article
- Review
- The dynamic impact behavior of the human neurocranium.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The site-dependent load-deformation behavior of the human neurocranium and the load dissipation within the three-layered composite is not well understood. This study mechanically investigated 257 human frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital neurocranial bone samples at an age range of 2 to 94 years, using three-point bending tests. Samples were tested as full-thickness three-layered composites, as well as separated with both diploë attached and removed. Right temporal samples were the thinnest samples of all tested regions (median < 5 mm; p < 0.001) and withstood lowest failure loads (median < 762 N; p < 0.001). Outer tables were thicker and showed higher failure loads (median 2.4 mm; median 264 N) than inner tables (median 1.7 mm, p < 0.001; median 132 N, p = 0.003). The presence of diploë attached to outer and inner tables led to a significant reduction in bending strength (with diploë: median < 60 MPa; without diploë: median > 90 MPa, p < 0.001). Composites (r = 0.243, p = 0.011) and inner tables with attached diploë (r = 0.214, p = 0.032) revealed positive correlations between sample thickness and age. The three-layered composite is four times more load-resistant compared to the outer table and eight times more compared to the inner table.
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