ArticleNature communications2021
Ultrafast generation and decay of a surface metal.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Interface-driven energy-independent charge extraction in GaN photocatalysts.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Interlayer Atomic Voids by Partial Cesium Defect in Layered Titanate Activate Photo(electro)catalytic HACS applied energy materials · 2025Article
- Semiconductor-to-metal surface reconstruction in copper selenide/copper heterostructures steered by photoinduced interlayer atom migration.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Right On Time: Ultrafast Charge Separation Before Hybrid Exciton Formation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Electronic Properties of Functionalized Diamanes for Field-Emission Displays.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2023Article
- Effect of Strain Rate on Nano-Scale Mechanical Behavior of A-Plane (112¯0) ZnO Single Crystal by Nanoindentation.Micromachines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Band bending at semiconductor surfaces induced by chemical doping or electric fields can create metallic surfaces with properties not found in the bulk, such as high electron mobility, magnetism or superconductivity. Optical generation of such metallic surfaces on ultrafast timescales would be appealing for high-speed electronics. Here, we demonstrate the ultrafast generation of a metal at the (10-10) surface of ZnO upon photoexcitation. Compared to hitherto known ultrafast photoinduced semiconductor-to-metal transitions that occur in the bulk of inorganic semiconductors, the metallization of the ZnO surface is launched by 3-4 orders of magnitude lower photon fluxes. Using time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, we show that the phase transition is caused by photoinduced downward surface band bending due to photodepletion of donor-type deep surface defects. The discovered mechanism is in analogy to chemical doping of semiconductor surfaces and presents a general route for controlling surface-confined metallicity on ultrafast timescales.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.