Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33579862›Full record

ReviewJournal of Huntington's disease2021

Huntington's Disease Pathogenesis: Two Sequential Components.

Eun Pyo Hong, Marcy E MacDonald, Vanessa C Wheeler, Lesley Jones, Peter Holmans, Michael Orth, Darren G Monckton, Jeffrey D Long, Seung Kwak, James F Gusella and 1 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of Huntington's disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
64citing papers in PubMed
8.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

64 citing papers in PubMed, 109 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Somatic CRISPR editing ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  6. Huntington's disease LIG1 modifier variant increases ligase fidelity and suppresses somatic CAG repeat expansion.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Emerging drivers of DNA repeat expansions.Biochemical Society transactions · 2025
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. 3A or not 3A: Cytidine deaminases in the etiology of the CAG-repeat expansion diseases.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article

4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.

Eun Pyo HongMolecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Marcy E MacDonaldMolecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Vanessa C WheelerMolecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Lesley JonesMedical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Peter HolmansMedical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Michael OrthDepartment of Neurology, University of Ulm, Germany.
Darren G MoncktonInstitute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Jeffrey D LongDepartment of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Seung KwakCHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Princeton, NJ, USA.
James F GusellaMolecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Jong-Min LeeMolecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Broad Institute · USCardiff University · GBCHDI Foundation · USHarvard University · USUniversität Ulm · DEUniversity of Glasgow · GBUniversity of Iowa · US

Funding

TOXICITY AND SPECIFICITY COMPONENTS OF HD PATHOGENESISP50NS016367 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI GUSELLA, JAMES F · 1996 to 2010
$15.8M
Huntington's Disease Repeat Instability and PathogenesisR01NS049206 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI VANESSA C WHEELER · 2005 to 2026
$10.0M
Disease-Modifying Genes in Huntington's DiseaseR01NS091161 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI JAMES F GUSELLA · 2015 to 2026
$7.2M
Therapeutic Potential of Base Editing Strategies to Convert CAG to CAA in Huntington's DiseaseR01NS119471 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI LEE, JONG-MIN · 2021 to 2025
$2.6M
Genetic modifiers of Predict-HD phenotypesU01NS082079 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI GUSELLA, JAMES F · 2013 to 2015
$2.6M
Genetic foundation for complete mutant allele-specific CRISPR in neurodegenerative diseasesR01NS105709 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI LEE, JONG-MIN · 2018 to 2022
$2.4M
Medical Research Council MR/L010305/1NINDS NIH HHS P50 NS016367NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS049206NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS091161NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS105709NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS119471NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS082079
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Historically, Huntington's disease (HD; OMIM #143100) has played an important role in the enormous advances in human genetics seen over the past four decades. This familial neurodegenerative disorder involves variable onset followed by consistent worsening of characteristic abnormal movements along with cognitive decline and psychiatric disturbances. HD was the first autosomal disease for which the genetic defect was assigned to a position on the human chromosomes using only genetic linkage analysis with common DNA polymorphisms. This discovery set off a multitude of similar studies in other diseases, while the HD gene, later renamed HTT, and its vicinity in chromosome 4p16.3 then acted as a proving ground for development of technologies to clone and sequence genes based upon their genomic location, with the growing momentum of such advances fueling the Human Genome Project. The identification of the HD gene has not yet led to an effective treatment, but continued human genetic analysis of genotype-phenotype relationships in large HD subject populations, first at the HTT locus and subsequently genome-wide, has provided insights into pathogenesis that divide the course of the disease into two sequential, mechanistically distinct components.

Indexed as

Genetic Association StudiesGenes, ModifierHumansHuntingtin ProteinHuntington DiseaseTrinucleotide Repeat ExpansionHTT protein, humanHuntingtin Proteingenetic associationgeneticsgenotype-phenotype correlationHuntington diseasemodifier genetrinucleotide repeat expansion

Identifiers

PMID33579862
PMCPMC7990433
OpenAlexW3126707961

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.