ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2021
Adrenal gland as a sanctuary site for immunotherapy in patients with microsatellite instability-high metastatic colorectal cancer.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating tumor cells in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors - a biomarker analysis of the ALICE and ICON trials.Molecular oncology · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Risk factors for endocrinological immune-related adverse events in patients with renal cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Observational
- The Immune Biology of the Adrenal Gland Microenvironment and Its Role in Metastatic Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Radiotherapy for oligoprogressive disease in non-small cell lung cancer treated with pembrolizumab in first-line setting: a retrospective study.Translational lung cancer research · 2024Article
- Dissociated response and treatment outcome with immune checkpoint blockade in advanced cancer.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite unstable colorectal cancer: therapeutic advances and questions.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2024Review
- Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer with High Microsatellite Instability: The Ongoing Search for Biomarkers.Cancers · 2023Review
- Primary Adrenal Lymphomas with Cushing's Syndrome: Two Cases with Evidence of Endogeneous Cortisol Production by the Neoplastic Lymphoid Cells.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Impact of endogenous glucocorticoid on response to immune checkpoint blockade in patients with advanced cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) Patients beyond Microsatellite Instability.Cancers · 2022Review
- Immunotherapy plus chemotherapy showed superior clinical benefit to chemotherapy alone in advanced NSCLC patients after progression on osimertinib.Thoracic cancer · 2022Article
- Immune-related dissociated response as a specific atypical response pattern in solid tumors with immune checkpoint blockade.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2022Article
- Clinicopathologic implication of PD-L1 gene alteration in primary adrenal diffuse large B cell lymphoma.Journal of pathology and translational medicine · 2022Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRC) harboring microsatellite instability (MSI) are sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), but the mechanisms of resistance to ICIs remain unclear. Dissociated responses in patients with ICI-treated cancer suggest that certain organs may serve as sanctuary sites due to the tumor microenvironment. This case series describes five patients with ICI-treated MSI mCRC with disease progression limited to the adrenal glands. At ICI initiation, three patients were free of metastasis in the adrenal glands. Four patients experienced objective response per RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) while treated with ICI. ICI treatment was discontinued due to progressive disease limited to the adrenal glands (n=3) or toxicity (n=2). The time between ICI initiation and progression in the adrenal glands ranged from 11 to 39 months. Adrenalectomy (n=3) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (n=2) were performed. At the last follow-up, all patients were alive and progression free. Molecular analyses were performed in one patient. A significant impairment of the antigen presentation pathway was observed in the ICI-resistant lesion of the adrenal gland, which could be explained by the presence of glucocorticoids in the adrenal gland microenvironment. We also detected an overexpression of
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