SynthesisRespiratory research2021
The role of viral and bacterial infections in the pathogenesis of IPF: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Respiratory research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an umbrella review of meta-analyses and mendelian randomization analyses.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The Impact of Occupational Exposures on the Risk of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2024Pooled it
- Mendelian randomization reveals no correlations between herpesvirus infection and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- The clinical and translational perspectives on the lung microbiome in interstitial lung diseases: a bibliometric review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Cellular senescence dysregulates antiviral interferon responses in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The Role of Viral and Bacterial Infections in the Etiology of Behçet's Disease.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr virus-related antibody traits and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Metabolic dysregulation in pulmonary fibrosis: insights into amino acid contributions and therapeutic potential.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Altered behaviour and immune response in mice with NHLRC2 p.Asp148Tyr variant.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Treatable traits in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: focus on respiratory tract infections-a systematic review and a meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- The role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pulmonary fibrosis: lessons from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Clinical Evaluation of Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease in a Single Tertiary Center: Perspectives before and after the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on hospital admissions for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a nationwide population-based study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Platelet Activating Factor Receptor and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression Increases in the Small Airway Epithelium and Parenchyma of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Implications for Microbial Pathogenesis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Persistent microbial infections and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - an insight intoFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- In vitro co-culture studies and the crucial role of fibroblast-immune cell crosstalk in IPF pathogenesis.Respiratory research · 2023Review
- Inflammation-Associated Lung Tissue Remodeling and Fibrosis in Morphine-Dependent SIV-Infected Macaques.The American journal of pathology · 2023Article
- Progress in understanding and treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: recent insights and emerging therapies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Role of circulatory miRNA-21 and associated signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis among individuals recovered after COVID-19 infection.Human gene (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Article
- Hydroxychloroquine on the Pulmonary Vascular Diseases in Interstitial Lung Disease: Immunologic Effects, and Virus Interplay.Biomedicines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease. Several risk factors such as smoking, air pollution, inhaled toxins, high body mass index and infectious agents are involved in the pathogenesis of IPF. In the present study, this meta-analysis study investigates the prevalence of viral and bacterial infections in the IPF patients and any possible association between these infections with pathogenesis of IPF.
methodsThe authors carried out this systematic literature review from different reliable databases such as PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar to December 2020.Keywords used were the following "Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis", "Infection", "Bacterial Infection" and "Viral Infection", alone or combined together with the Boolean operators "OR", "AND" and "NOT" in the Title/Abstract/Keywords field. Pooled proportion and its 95% CI were used to assess the prevalence of viral and bacterial infections in the IPF patients.
resultsIn this systematic review and meta-analyses, 32 studies were selected based on the exclusion/inclusion criteria. Geographical distribution of included studies was: eight studies in American people, 8; in European people, 15 in Asians, and one in Africans. The pooled prevalence for viral and bacterial infections w ere 53.72% (95% CI 38.1-69.1%) and 31.21% (95% CI 19.9-43.7%), respectively. The highest and lowest prevalence of viral infections was HSV (77.7% 95% CI 38.48-99.32%), EBV (72.02%, 95% CI 44.65-90.79%) and Influenza A (7.3%, 95% CI 2.66-42.45%), respectively. Whereas the highest and lowest prevalence in bacterial infections were related to Streptococcus sp. (99.49%, 95% CI 96.44-99.9%) and Raoultella (1.2%, 95% CI 0.2-3.08%), respectively.
conclusionsThe results of this review were confirmed that the presence of viral and bacterial infections are the risk factors in the pathogenesis of IPF. In further analyses, which have never been shown in the previous studies, we revealed the geographic variations in the association strengths and emphasized other methodological parameters (e.g., detection method). Also, our study supports the hypothesis that respiratory infection could play a key role in the pathogenesis of IP.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.