ReviewBiology2021
On Origin and Evolution of the Antibody Molecule.
Review in Biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of linker length and composition in actin binding and bundling by palladin.The Biochemical journal · 2026Article
- Molecular Phylogeny of "Chemosensory Proteins" in Bacteria and Arthropods: CSP as an Extremely Ancient Gene.Journal of molecular evolution · 2026Article
- Reliable repurposing of the antibody interactome inside the cell.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Chronic viral infections impaired the growth process of splenic B cells by upregulating Bbc3 and Atf3 in LCMV-CL13 infected mouse model.Virulence · 2025Article
- The Role of Linker Length and Composition in Actin Binding and Bundling by Palladin.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Production Technologies for Recombinant Antibodies: Insights into Eukaryotic, Prokaryotic, and Transgenic Expression Systems.Biochemical genetics · 2025Review
- Next-Generation Therapeutic Antibodies for Cancer Treatment: Advancements, Applications, and Challenges.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Review
- Unusual traits shape the architecture of the Ig ancestor molecule.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Revealing the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of immune checkpoint proteins across diverse protein families.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Characteristics and Genomic Localization of Nurse Shark (International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The Janus (dual) model of immunoglobulin isotype evolution: Conservation and plasticity are the defining paradigms.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Immunoglobulin constant regions provide stabilization to the paratope and enforce epitope specificity.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2024Article
- Tethering of soluble immune effectors to mucin and chitin reflects a convergent and dynamic role in gut immunity.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Review
- Evolution of the Immunoglobulin Isotypes-Variations of Biophysical Properties among Animal Classes.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Evolutive emergence and divergence of an Ig regulatory node: An environmental sensor getting cues from the aryl hydrocarbon receptor?Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Transcriptional and proteomic analysis of the innate immune response to microbial stimuli in a model invertebrate chordate.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Comparative Analysis of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Identification of two rate-limiting steps in the degradation of partially folded immunoglobulin light chains.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- Topological and Structural Plasticity of the Single Ig Fold and the Double Ig Fold Present in CD19.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- Principles and Current Clinical Landscape of Multispecific Antibodies against Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The vertebrate immune system provides a powerful defense because of the ability to potentially recognize an unlimited number of pathogens. The antibody molecule, also termed immunoglobulin (Ig) is one of the major mediators of the immune response. It is built up from two types of Ig domains: the variable domain, which provides the capability to recognize and bind a potentially infinite range of foreign substances, and the constant domains, which exert the effector functions. In the last 20 years, advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and structural features of antibody in mammals and in a variety of other organisms have uncovered the underlying principles and complexity of this fundamental molecule. One notable evolutionary topic is the origin and evolution of antibody. Many aspects have been clearly stated, but some others remain limited or obscure. By considering a wide range of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms through a literature survey about the topic, we have provided an integrated view of the emergence of antibodies in evolution and underlined the very ancient origins.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.