ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2021
Impact of seven years of mass drug administration and recrudescence of Schistosoma haematobium infections after one year of treatment gap in Zanzibar: Repeated cross-sectional studies.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of paediatric schistosomiasis control programmes in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Potential drivers for schistosomiasis persistence: Population genetic analyses from a cluster-randomized urogenital schistosomiasis elimination trial across the Zanzibar islands.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Trial
- A national geostatistical survey for schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in Zimbabwe following interruption of preventive chemotherapy.BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Evaluation of surveillance-response interventions for Schistosoma haematobium elimination on Pemba Island, Tanzania: A 4-year intervention study with repeated cross-sectional surveys.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Resistance evaluation and surveillance initiative for schistosomiasis treatment: study protocol for the RESIST project.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Local habitual movement as a mechanism for Schistosoma mansoni transmission resurgence: a causal analysis of cross-sectional survey data.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Adaptive integrated intervention approaches for schistosomiasis elimination in Pemba: A 4-year intervention study and focus on hotspots.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- A pilot investigation of bovine schistosomiasis on Unguja Island, Zanzibar, raises a new concern for elimination of urogenital schistosomiasis.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Changes in schistosomiasis prevalence after 2 years of an integrated intervention in the Itilima district of Tanzania.Parasites, hosts and diseases · 2025Article
- Schistosomiasis Interventions in Africa: Assessment and Systematic Review.Journal of parasitology research · 2025Review
- School-Based Epidemiology ofInfection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Schistosomiasis transmission: A machine learning analysis reveals the importance of agrochemicals on snail abundance in Rwanda.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Test-treat-track-test-treat (5T) approach for Schistosoma haematobium elimination on Pemba Island, Tanzania.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Capacities and needs of health care facilities for schistosomiasis diagnosis and management in elimination settings.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Female genital schistosomiasis is a neglected public health problem in Tanzania: Evidence from a scoping review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Inhibiting Liver Autophagy and Promoting Hepatocyte Apoptosis byTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- School-based preventive chemotherapy program for schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth control in Angola: 6-year impact assessment.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- The Impact of Targeted Treatment and Mass Drug Administration Delivery Strategies on the Prevalence and Intensity of Schistosomiasis in School Aged Children in Africa: A Systematic Review.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Review
- Adverse drug effects among students following mass de-worming exercise involving administration of Praziquantel and Albendazole in KEEA Municipality, Ghana.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundConsiderable progress towards the elimination of urogenital schistosomiasis was made by the Zanzibar Elimination of Schistosomiasis Transmission project from 2012 till 2016, when biannual praziquantel mass drug administration (MDA) alone or with additional snail control or behaviour change interventions were implemented. Annual MDA was continued in 2017 and 2018, but not in 2019, imposing a 16-month treatment gap. We monitored the Schistosoma haematobium prevalence from 2012 till 2020 and assessed recrudescence patterns with focus on 2020. METHODOLOGY: Repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted from 2011/12 till 2020 in 90 communities and 90 schools in Zanzibar. Annually, around 4,500 adults and up to 20,000 schoolchildren were surveyed. The S. haematobium prevalence was detected by urine filtration and reagent strips. In 2020, risk factors for infection were investigated using generalized estimated equation models. PRINCIPAL
findingsIn adults, the apparent S. haematobium prevalence was 3.9% in 2011 and 0.4% in 2020. In schoolchildren, the prevalence decreased from 6.6% in 2012 to 1.2% in 2019 with vicissitudes over the years. Prominent recrudescence of infection from 2.8% in 2019 to 9.1% (+225%) in 2020 was observed in 29 schools with historically moderate prevalences (≥10%). Compared with 2019, reinfection in 2020 was particularly striking in boys aged 9-16 years. Being male was a risk factor for infection in 2020 (adults: odds ratio (OR): 6.24, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.96-19.60; schoolchildren: OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.52-2.78). Living near to a natural freshwater body significantly increased the odds of infection in adults (OR: 2.90, CI: 1.12-7.54). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: After 11 rounds of MDA over 7 years and a 16-month treatment gap, the urogenital schistosomiasis prevalence considerably rebounded in hotspot areas. Future elimination efforts in Zanzibar should focus on re-intensifying MDA plus additional interventions in hotspot areas. In low-prevalence areas, the strategy might be adapted from MDA to targeted surveillance-response.
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