ArticlePLoS pathogens2021
First complete-genome documentation of HIV-1 intersubtype superinfection with transmissions of diverse recombinants over time to five recipients.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pervasive HIV recombination limits the utility of circulating recombinant form nomenclature.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Identification of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF209_cpx) and its descendant unique recombinant form (URF) CRF209_cpx/B among MSM in Guangdong, southern China.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Identification of a novel second-generation HIV-1 circulating recombinant form, CRF182_0708, in Yunnan, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Phylogenetics and molecular evolution to understand and curb the HIV pandemic.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- PacBio high-fidelity near full-length genome sequencing for HIV-1 quasispecies: methodological framework and validation.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Multiple third-generation recombinants formed by CRF55_01B and CRF07_BC in newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected patients in Shenzhen city, China.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Comparative Evaluation of Open-Source Bioinformatics Pipelines for Full-Length Viral Genome Assembly.Viruses · 2024Article
- Article
- Identification of two near-identical novel HIV-1 unique recombinant forms (CRF01_AE/B) among men who have sex with men in baoding, hebei, China.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Article
- Nanopore Sequencing for Characterization of HIV-1 Recombinant Forms.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Both simulation and sequencing data reveal coinfections with multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants in the COVID-19 pandemic.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Article
- Multiple CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC Recombinants Enhanced the HIV-1 Epidemic Complexity Among MSM in Shenyang City, Northeast China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- HIV-1-Specific Immunodominant T-Cell Responses Drive the Dynamics of HIV-1 Recombination Following Superinfection.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) recombinants in the world are believed to be generated through recombination between distinct HIV-1 strains among coinfection or superinfection cases. However, direct evidence to support transmission of HIV-1 recombinants from a coinfected/superinfected donor to putative recipient is lacking. Here, we report on the origin and evolutionary relationship between a set of recombinants from a CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC superinfected putative donor and diverse CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinants from five putative recipients. Interviews on sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behaviors for these six HIV-1-infected men who have sex with men showed that they had similar ways of partner seeking: online dating sites and social circles. Phylogenetic and recombination analyses demonstrated that the near-full-length genome sequences from six patients formed a monophyletic cluster different from known HIV-1 genotypes in maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees, were all composed of CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC fragments with two common breakpoints on env, and shared 4-7 breakpoints with each other. Moreover, 3' half-genomes of recombinant strains from five recipients had identical/similar recombinant structures with strains at longitudinal samples from the superinfected donor. Recombinants from the donor were paraphyletic, whereas five recipients were monophyletic or polyphyletic in the maximum clade credibility tree. Bayesian analyses confirmed that the estimated time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC strains of the donor was 2009.2 and 2010.7, respectively, and all were earlier than the emergence of recombinants from five recipients. Our results demonstrated that the closely related unique recombinant forms of HIV-1 might be the descendent of a series of recombinants generated gradually in a superinfected patient. This finding highlights the importance of early initiation of antiretroviral therapy as well as tracing and testing of partners in patients with multiple HIV-1 infection.
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