ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2021
Regulatory T cells promote glioma cell stemness through TGF-β-NF-κB-IL6-STAT3 signaling.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.
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Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Review
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- Angiotensin II Receptor-Associated Protein (AGTRAP) Enhances Glioma Cell Survival Through the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 Pathway and Correlates With an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Glioblastoma stem cells as carriers of tumour memory: a strategy for personalised immunotherapy using tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Integrative Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals MAIT Cell Dysfunction in Relapsed HCC.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Article
- P4HB regulates tumor-associated macrophage polarization and chemotaxis by enhancing IL-6 cytokine secretion in glioblastoma.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Microglial Inflammatory Response in the Glioblastoma Microenvironment in Preclinical Models.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Fueling the Seed: Growth Factors and Cytokines Driving Cancer Stem Cells in Gynecological Malignancies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy in central nervous system tumors.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Review
- Insights into IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling in the tumor microenvironment: Implications for cancer therapy.Cytokine & growth factor reviews · 2025Review
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms of Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Strategies.Cells · 2025Review
- Immune factors and their role in tumor aggressiveness in glioblastoma: Atypical cadherin FAT1 as a promising target for combating immune evasion.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Review
- Machine Learning-Based Prognostic Signature in Breast Cancer: Regulatory T Cells, Stemness, and Deep Learning for Synergistic Drug Discovery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Cancer Stem Cells Connecting to Immunotherapy: Key Insights, Challenges, and Potential Treatment Opportunities.Cancers · 2025Review
- Recent developments in peptide vaccines against Glioblastoma, a review and update.Molecular brain · 2025Review
- IL-6-mediated tumorigenicity and antioxidant state in squamous cell carcinoma cells are driven by CD109 via stabilization of IL-6 receptor-alpha and activation of STAT3/NRF2 pathway.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Article
- Emerging Approaches in Glioblastoma Treatment: Modulating the Extracellular Matrix Through Nanotechnology.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Unraveling the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioblastoma and advancements in treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) contribute to the malignant growth of glioma, but little is known about the interaction between GSCs and tumor microenvironment. Here, we found that intense infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs) facilitated the qualities of GSCs through TGF-β secretion that helped coordinately tumor growth. Mechanistic investigations indicated that TGF-β acted on cancer cells to induce the core cancer stem cell-related genes CD133, SOX2, NESTIN, MUSASHI1 and ALDH1A expression and spheres formation via NF-κB-IL6-STAT3 signaling pathway, resulting in the increased cancer stemness and tumorigenic potential. Furthermore, Tregs promoted glioma tumor growth, and this effect could be abrogated with blockade of IL6 receptor by tocilizumab which also demonstrated certain level of therapeutic efficacy in xenograft model. Additionally, expression levels of CD133, IL6 and TGF-β were found to serve as prognosis markers of glioma patients. Collectively, our findings reveal a new immune-associated mechanism underlying Tregs-induced GSCs. Moreover, efforts to target this network may be an effective strategy for treating glioma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.