ArticleJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2021
Sex differences in the association between arterial hypertension, blood pressure, and sleep apnea in the general population.
Article in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- High-Intensity Atorvastatin and 24-Hour Blood Pressure in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized, -Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study.American journal of hypertension · 2026Trial
- Adenotonsillectomy and Blood Pressure in Children With Mild Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing: An Exploratory Analysis of the PATS Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery · 2025Trial
- Sex Differences in Sleep Duration and Quality: Implications for Hypertension Risk.Current hypertension reports · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- Vascular function in hypertension: does gender dimension matter?Journal of human hypertension · 2023Review
- Sex differences in arterial hypertension.European heart journal · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesTo assess sex-related differences in the relationship between hypertension (HT), blood pressure (BP), and sleep apnea in the general population.
methodsWe performed home polygraphy in a cohort of 1809 men and women in the general population. Office BP was measured. Presence of HT (drug-treated, physician-diagnosed, or high BP during study visit) was also recorded. HT rate and BP were assessed over a range of 7 sleep apnea severity categories based on the respiratory event index (REI).
resultsThe age-adjusted HT prevalence rate increased with higher REI in both sexes. After additional adjustment for obesity the association remained significant in women but not in men. In participants not treated with antihypertensive medications, age-adjusted BP increased with REI. Remarkably, the association was already significant within the normal range (REI < 5 events/h). The REI threshold for higher BP was situated at a distinctly lower cutoff point in women compared to men. After additional adjustment for obesity, the associations remained significant for diastolic but not systolic BP.
conclusionsSignificant increases in the age-adjusted BP and HT rate in the general population were present at lower REI cutoffs in women compared to men. Even a very low number of respiratory events was associated with higher BP and HT prevalence. Adjustment for obesity attenuated these associations, especially in men. Sex differences in BP susceptibility across the sleep apnea spectrum may be present.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.