ReviewInternational journal of dermatology2021
The "Maskne" microbiome - pathophysiology and therapeutics.
Review in International journal of dermatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adverse Events in Isotretinoin Therapy: A Single-Arm Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Combination of Fractional Microneedling Radiofrequency and Ablative Fractional Laser versus Ablative Fractional Laser Alone for Acne and Acne Scars.Yonsei medical journal · 2023Trial
- 5-α reductase inhibition by Epilobioum fleischeri extract modulates facial microbiota structure.International journal of cosmetic science · 2022Trial
- Effects of Antimicrobial Underwear on Vaginal Symptoms and Vaginal Microbiota: A Prospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Skin Lesions and Personal Protective Equipment in Health Care Workers From Lima, Peru, During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- A multimodal approach to acne mechanica associated to medical face masks using clinical examination, fluorescent photography, and in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Article
- Review
- Recommendations for managing adult acne and adolescent acne based on an epidemiological study conducted in China.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Maskne and its relationship with cutaneous microbiome and therapeutic response in skin of color: an observational prospective study.Archives of dermatological research · 2024Observational
- Facial Dermatoses Associated With Mask-Wearing in the COVID-19 Era: A Nationwide, Cross-Sectional, Multicenter, Questionnaire-based Study.Annals of dermatology · 2024Article
- The bacterial burden of worn face masks-observational research and literature review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Rosacea Topical Treatment and Care: From Traditional to New Drug Delivery Systems.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Anti-COVID-19 Face Masks and Perioral Dermatitis.The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2023Article
- Facial expression and emotion.Laryngo- rhino- otologie · 2023Article
- Risk factors for the development of acne in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.Archives of dermatological research · 2023Article
- Face mask-induced skin changes: a new common phenomenon during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.Dermatology reports · 2023Article
- Post-Inflammatory Hypopigmentation: Review of the Etiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment Options.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Prolonged mask wearing changed nasal microbial characterization of young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai, China.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The impact of face masks on acne-prone skin in Polish young adults during COVID-19 pandemic.Dermatologic therapy · 2022Article
- Occupational skin dermatoses among health care workers: A review of adverse skin reactions to personal protective equipment.Dermatology reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
"Maskne" is a new term coined during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. It refers to a subset of acne mechanica, deserving consideration in view of widespread reusable fabric mask-wearing to control the pandemic worldwide. Understanding of underlying pathophysiology directly relates to the novel skin microenvironment and textile-skin friction created by mask-wearing, distinct from nontextile-related acne mechanica previously linked to wearing of headgear. Specifically, the occlusive microenvironment leads to microbiome dysbiosis, which is linked to various dermatological conditions. Additional textile-skin interactions include factors such as breathability, stickiness sensations, moisture saturation, and hygiene maintenance. Increased skin temperatures can trigger sweat/heat-related dermatoses, and ear loops potentially trigger pressure-induced dermatoses. Important therapeutic considerations include increased skin irritation potential of conventional acne treatments under occlusion, exacerbation of chronic dermatoses, that is, perioral dermatitis, rosacea, and eczema, and susceptibility of these same patient groups to heightened discomfort with mask-wearing. Cotton, as the traditional fabric of choice for dermatology patients, has limited benefits in the context of face masks - increased subjective discomfort relates to increased moisture saturation and stickiness, inevitable because of high biofluid load of the nasal and oral orifices. Prolonged textile-skin contact time, directly proportional to the risk of maskne, can be an opportunity for the application of biofunctional textiles.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.