ArticleEuropean journal of immunology2021
High neutralizing potency of swine glyco-humanized polyclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.
Article in European journal of immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tocilizumab administration for the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2021Pooled it
- Anti-SARS-CoV-2 glyco-humanized polyclonal antibody XAV-19: phase II/III randomized placebo-controlled trial shows acceleration to recovery for mild to moderate patients with COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Pharmacokinetics and Safety of XAV-19, a Swine Glyco-humanized Polyclonal Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody, for COVID-19-Related Moderate Pneumonia: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase IIa Study.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2021Trial
- Current Techniques of Gene Editing in Pigs for Xenotransplantation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2025Review
- Antibody-dependent enhancement of coronaviruses.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Current development of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 neutralizing antibodies (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2024Review
- Polyclonal antibodies selectively inhibit tumor growth and invasion and synergize with immune checkpoint inhibitors.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Effect of Swine Glyco-humanized Polyclonal Neutralizing Antibody on Survival and Respiratory Failure in Patients Hospitalized With Severe COVID-19: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Article
- LIS1, a glyco-humanized swine polyclonal anti-lymphocyte globulin, as a novel induction treatment in solid organ transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 does not infect pigs, but this has to be verified regularly.Xenotransplantation · 2022Review
- Influence of SARS-CoV-2 inactivation by different chemical reagents on the humoral response evaluated in a murine model.Molecular immunology · 2022Article
- Passive Immunotherapy Against SARS-CoV-2: From Plasma-Based Therapy to Single Potent Antibodies in the Race to Stay Ahead of the Variants.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2022Review
- Polyclonal hyper immunoglobulin: A proven treatment and prophylaxis platform for passive immunization to address existing and emerging diseases.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Review
- Porcine-derived medical therapies for SARS-CoV-2: Traversing Muslim bioethical concerns and assuring equity.Xenotransplantation · 2021Article
- Article
- The Road towards Polyclonal Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulins (Hyperimmune Serum) for Passive Immunization in COVID-19.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- XAV-19, a Swine Glyco-Humanized Polyclonal Antibody Against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain, Targets Multiple Epitopes and Broadly Neutralizes Variants.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
29 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Heterologous polyclonal antibodies might represent an alternative to the use of convalescent plasma or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by targeting multiple antigen epitopes. However, heterologous antibodies trigger human natural xenogeneic antibody responses particularly directed against animal-type carbohydrates, mainly the N-glycolyl form of the neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and the α1,3-galactose, potentially leading to serum sickness or allergy. Here, we immunized cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase and α1,3-galactosyl-transferase (GGTA1) double KO pigs with the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike receptor binding domain to produce glyco-humanized polyclonal neutralizing antibodies lacking Neu5Gc and α1,3-galactose epitopes. Animals rapidly developed a hyperimmune response with anti-SARS-CoV-2 end-titers binding dilutions over one to a million and end-titers neutralizing dilutions of 1:10 000. The IgG fraction purified and formulated following clinical Good Manufacturing Practices, named XAV-19, neutralized spike/angiotensin converting enzyme-2 interaction at a concentration <1 μg/mL, and inhibited infection of human cells by SARS-CoV-2 in cytopathic assays. We also found that pig GH-pAb Fc domains fail to interact with human Fc receptors, thereby avoiding macrophage-dependent exacerbated inflammatory responses and a possible antibody-dependent enhancement. These data and the accumulating safety advantages of using GH-pAbs in humans warrant clinical assessment of XAV-19 against COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.