ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2021
The Impact of Same-Day Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Under the World Health Organization Treat-All Policy.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of delayed antiretroviral therapy initiation among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Same-day ART initiation, loss to follow-up and viral load suppression among people living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis.The Pan African medical journal · 2023Pooled it
- Implementation Lessons and Policy Implications of Same-Day Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation: Insights from the ART Same-Day Counselling and Initiation (ASCI) SOP in South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Trial
- Retention in care and viral suppression after same-day ART initiation: One-year outcomes of the SLATE I and II individually randomized clinical trials in South Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Trial
- Stigma, Food Insecurity, and Limited Social Support as Psychosocial Correlates of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Pregnant Women Living With HIV: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Advanced HIV disease among newly diagnosed clients identified through community- and facility-based HIV testing services in Eswatini: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- So what? Elevating the impact of implementation science.Implementation science communications · 2025Article
- Retention outcomes during same-day antiretroviral therapy initiation in health facilities and outreach settings of Rakai, Uganda, 2016-2021.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Effect of rapid antiretroviral therapy initiation on loss to follow-up, mortality, and virologic failure among people with human immunodeficiency virus under the treat-all policy in China: analysis of routine data.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- The impact of same-day and rapid ART initiation under the Universal Health Coverage programme on HIV outcomes in Thailand: a retrospective real-life cohort study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Viral suppression among patients in HIV/AIDS care at healthcare facilities in Ethiopia: Same-day antiretroviral initiation.PloS one · 2025Article
- Gaps in the usage and reporting of multiple imputation for incomplete data: findings from a scoping review of observational studies addressing causal questions.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Article
- Long-term HIV care outcomes under universal HIV treatment guidelines: A retrospective cohort study in 25 countries.PLoS medicine · 2024Article
- Changes in access to viral load testing, incidence rates of viral load suppression and rebound following the introduction of the 'universal test and treat' guidelines in Cameroon: A retrospective follow-up analysis.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Treatment Outcomes After Offering Same-Day Initiation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment-How to Interpret Discrepancies Between Different Studies.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- [Comparing the effectiveness of multiple dynamic treatment strategies using target trial emulation].Pravention und Gesundheitsforderung · 2023Article
- Association Between Time to Antiretroviral Therapy and Loss to Care Among Newly Diagnosed Rwandan People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Article
- Immediate ART and clinical outcomes in New York City among patients newly diagnosed with HIV.AIDS care · 2023Article
- Same-Day Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation as a Predictor of Loss to Follow-up and Viral Suppression Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Sub-Saharan Africa.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with the option to start treatment on the day of diagnosis (same-day ART). However, the effect of same-day ART remains unknown in realistic public sector settings. We established a cohort of ≥16-year-old patients who initiated first-line ART under a treat-all policy in Nhlangano (Eswatini) during 2014-2016, either on the day of HIV care enrollment (same-day ART) or 1-14 days thereafter (early ART). Directed acyclic graphs, flexible parametric survival analysis, and targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) were used to estimate the effect of same-day-ART initiation on a composite unfavorable treatment outcome (loss to follow-up, death, viral failure, treatment switch). Of 1,328 patients, 839 (63.2%) initiated same-day ART. The adjusted hazard ratio of the unfavorable outcome was higher, 1.48 (95% confidence interval: 1.16, 1.89), for same-day ART compared with early ART. TMLE suggested that after 1 year, 28.9% of patients would experience the unfavorable outcome under same-day ART compared with 21.2% under early ART (difference: 7.7%; 1.3%-14.1%). This estimate was driven by loss to follow-up and varied over time, with a higher hazard during the first year after HIV care enrollment and a similar hazard thereafter. We found an increased risk with same-day ART. A limitation was that possible silent transfers that were not captured.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.