ArticleJournal of youth and adolescence2021
Social Support and Internalizing Psychopathology in Transgender Youth.
Article in Journal of youth and adolescence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Social support and internalizing psychopathology among sexual and gender minority individuals: A meta-analysis.Clinical psychology review · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence, severity and risk factors for mental disorders among sexual and gender minority young people: a systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Gender Felt Pressure, Affective Domains, and Mental Health Outcomes among Transgender and Gender Diverse (TGD) Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review with Developmental and Clinical Implications.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Loneliness and Bullying by Siblings in Gender-Diverse Adolescents: Results From the Population-Based Generation R Study.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- Profiles of parental response, intersectional microaggressions, and mental health problems among sexual and gender minority youth of color.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2026Article
- "International journal of LGBTQ+ youth studies · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Identity-Based Social Support, Victimization, and Mental Health among LGBTQ+ Youth.Psychology of sexual orientation and gender diversity · 2026Article
- Family and school environment as mediators in mental health outcomes among gender-diverse youth: insights from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Community Experiences of Social and Nonmedical Gender-Affirming Care: Interview Study Among Transgender and/or Nonbinary Persons.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Existential dimensions of the lived experiences of transgender youths 13-16 years in a cisnormative Swedish context.International journal of transgender health · 2026Article
- Operationalising social transition in trans and gender diverse youth: a scoping review of definitions and measures.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Rapid review of gender-affirming healthcare for children and adolescents: Evidence synthesis (2021-2025) and recommendations for South Africa.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2026Review
- Social transition in young trans people accessing gender-affirming care.International journal of transgender health · 2026Article
- To find oneself in existential motion through unfamiliar terrain: A phenomenological Reflective Lifeworld Research study of becoming a parent to a child expressing a transgender or gender diverse identity in Sweden.International journal of transgender health · 2026Article
- Rapid Review of Gender-Affirming Healthcare for Children and Adolescents: Evidence Synthesis (2021-2025) and Recommendations for South Africa.Research square · 2025Article
- Substance Use, Suicidal Behavior, and Other Mental Health Outcomes Among Youth With Intersectional Sexual and Gender Diverse Identities.JAACAP open · 2025Article
- The Role of Resilience and Support From Others in the Association Between Family Support and Internalizing Symptoms in Spanish-Speaking Trans and Nonbinary Youth.JAACAP open · 2025Article
- Distress Profiles of Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria: A Cluster Analysis Approach.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- Acceptability of Screening for Gender Identity in a National Sample of Parents with Young Children.Transgender health · 2025Article
- Children's attitudes about transgender identity disclosure and concealment.The British journal of developmental psychology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Although increasing numbers of children have socially transitioned to live in line with their gender identities, little is known about factors associated with their wellbeing. This study examines the associations between parent-reported family, peer, and school support for a youth's gender identity, as well as an objective measure of state-level support, with parent-reported internalizing symptoms in 265 transgender youth (67.2% transgender girls, 32.8% transgender boys), ages 3-15 years (M = 9.41, SD = 2.62). Parents who reported higher levels of family, peer, and school support for their child's gender identity also reported fewer internalizing symptoms; the objective measure of state-level support was not related to internalizing symptoms. Additionally, peer and school support buffered against the association between gender-related victimization and internalizing symptoms, as reported by parents. This work demonstrates that even among transgender youth with families who supported their transitions, parents see better well-being in their children when they also see more support for the child's gender identity from family, peers, and schools.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.