ReviewNeuroradiology2021
Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis in a COVID-19 patient-a case report with literature review.
Review in Neuroradiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis: a case report and systematic review of factors associated with severe disability and death.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- [Report of 3 cases of acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis in Mexico].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2024Pooled it
- Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in patients with COVID-19 infection: is there a link? A systematic review and case report analysis.Journal of neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Persistent neurological manifestations in long COVID-19 syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of infection and public health · 2022Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: a systematic review of the literature.Journal of neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Association of CNS demyelination and COVID-19 infection: an updated systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Brain MRI findings in COVID-19 patients with PRES: A systematic review.Clinical imaging · 2022Pooled it
- Co-occurrence of lung adenocarcinoma with rapidly progressive dementia and multiple cerebral microbleeds: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
- Acute haemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy and inflammatory demyelinating encephalopathy associated with COVID-19 in adults in Southern China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis with gradual symptom onset: Case Report and literature review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Article
- Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis following the first dose of BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A case report.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Review
- MRI of fatal course of acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis in a child with SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA 2.0 infection.Neuroradiology · 2023Article
- Special considerations and pitfalls for intracerebral bleeding followed COVID-19 case treated by ECMO.Brain hemorrhages · 2023Article
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Findings in COVID-19 Associated Encephalitis.Neurology international · 2023Article
- Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalopathy Triggered by COVID-19 Infection.The Neurohospitalist · 2022Article
- Paediatric acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalitis.BMJ case reports · 2022Article
- A Case Report of Autoimmune Encephalitis: Could Post-COVID-19 Autoimmunity Become a Lethal Health Issue?Cureus · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAcute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE) is a rare and severe form of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Only a few reports of AHLE in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have been described to date. We report a case of COVID-19-related AHLE along with a literature review describing salient clinical and imaging characteristics.
methodsA literature search was performed on Medline (2020-present), PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Google scholar on 28 January 2021 for all articles published using MeSH terms "COVID-19" or "SARS-CoV-2" with "Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis" or "Acute hemorrhagic encephalitis." Relevant case reports and case series describing clinical and imaging features of AHLE associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were included, data compiled, and critically reviewed.
resultsAcute onset encephalopathy and rapidly deteriorating neurological status is the common clinical presentation in AHLE. CSF analysis reveals elevated proteins and lymphocytic pleocytosis. Typical neuroimaging features include multifocal, variable-sized, poorly defined cerebral white matter lesions with cortical sparing. Involvement of the brainstem, cerebellar peduncles, and deep grey matter can also occur, although rarely. Lesions are hyperintense on T2-weighted (T2W) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images, hypointense on T1W images, and show microhemorrhages, variable diffusion restriction, and post-contrast enhancement. Extensive microhemorrhages, brainstem involvement, and gross hemorrhage often portend a poor prognosis.
conclusionHeightened awareness about the clinical and imaging presentation of COVID-19-related AHLE can positively alter the outcome in a select few by enabling early diagnosis and aggressive management.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.