ReviewNeurosurgery2021
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy: Updates in Glioblastoma Treatment.
Review in Neurosurgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review on PD-1 Blockade and PD-1 Gene-Editing of CAR-T Cells for Glioma Therapy: From Deciphering to Personalized Medicine.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Heat up and Destroy: Immunotherapy of "Cold" Tumors Using the Example of Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Bridging MBD3 functions in developmental biology and glioma heterogeneity to immune remodeling with future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cyclodextrin-Based Formulations as a Promising Strategy to Overcome the Blood-Brain Barrier: Historical Overview and Prospects in Glioblastoma Treatment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- pH-responsive nano-vaccine combined with anti-PD-1 antibodies for enhanced immunotherapy of breast cancer.Theranostics · 2025Article
- Novel combination therapy using recombinant oncolytic adenovirus silk hydrogel and PD-L1 inhibitor for bladder cancer treatment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Comprehensive review of CRISPR-based gene editing: mechanisms, challenges, and applications in cancer therapy.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Advances in CAR-T Cell Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Glioblastoma Treatment: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Application of blood brain barrier models in pre-clinical assessment of glioblastoma-targeting CAR-T based immunotherapies.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2022Article
- Therapeutic Options in Neuro-Oncology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Advanced Cell Therapies for Glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Current Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Malignant Gliomas.Brain tumor research and treatment · 2022Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are the most common and among the deadliest brain tumors in adults. Current mainstay treatments are insufficient to treat this tumor, and therefore, more effective therapies are desperately needed. Immunotherapy, which takes advantage of the body's natural defense mechanism, is an exciting emerging field in neuro-oncology. Adoptive cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells provides a treatment strategy based on using patients' own selected and genetically engineered cells that target tumor-associated antigens. These cells are harvested from patients, modified to target specific proteins expressed by the tumor, and re-introduced into the patient with the goal of destroying tumor cells. Here, we review the history of CAR T-cell therapy, and describe the characteristics of various generations of CAR T therapies, and the challenges inherent to treatment of GBM. Finally, we describe recent and current CAR T clinical trials designed to combat GBM.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.