ArticleGates open research2020
What next after GDP-based cost-effectiveness thresholds?
Article in Gates open research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cost-effectiveness and benefit-cost analyses of promoting handwashing with soap: A systematic review.PLoS medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Decision-Analytical Modelling of Medicines in the Middle East: A Systematic Review of Economic Evaluation Studies.Applied health economics and health policy · 2025Pooled it
- Xpert Ultra stool testing to diagnose tuberculosis in children in Ethiopia and Indonesia: a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- Point-of-care early infant HIV diagnosis at birth in a pragmatic cluster-randomized trial in Mozambique and Tanzania: A comparative cost and cost-effectiveness study.PLoS medicine · 2026Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of integrating paediatric tuberculosis services into child healthcare services in Africa: a modelling analysis of a cluster-randomised trial.BMJ global health · 2024Trial
- Health economic evaluation of health promotion and disease prevention in Germany: a scoping review.Health economics review · 2026Review
- Cost-Effectiveness of Adult Hepatitis A Vaccination Strategies in Korea Under an Aging Susceptibility Profile.Applied health economics and health policy · 2026Article
- Article
- Cost-effectiveness of organised versus opportunistic mammography breast cancer screening in low-resourced country.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Entomological Adaptive Sampling Framework (EASF) for malaria vector surveillance: an economic evaluation of pilot implementation in Ghana and Mozambique.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Cost-Effective Threshold Price for Alternative Infant and Neonatal Rotavirus Vaccines: A Dual-Country Evaluation.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Current Therapeutic Strategies for Melanoma.Current treatment options in oncology · 2025Review
- Cost-Effectiveness of Screening and Treating Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Zimbabwe.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Economic evaluations of community health worker programs focussed on neglected tropical diseases in low- and middle-income countries (2015-2024): A scoping literature review.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Wisely frugal: ensuring sustainable funding for novel cancer therapeutics through a budget impact analysis in resource-limited settings.Ecancermedicalscience · 2025Article
- Evaluating the health impact, health-system costs and cost-effectiveness of using TrueNat on stool samples compared to usual care for the diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis in primary care settings: A modelling analysis.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Thresholds for the value judgement of health technologies in the United Arab Emirates: a consensus approach through voting sessions.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Net Monetary Benefit Lines Augmented with Value-of-Information Measures to Present the Results of Economic Evaluations under Uncertainty.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2024Article
- Cost-effectiveness of Pembrolizumab in Combination with Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Treatment and Continued as a Single Agent Adjuvant Treatment for High-Risk Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Hong Kong.Oncology and therapy · 2024Article
- Connecting Female Entertainment Workers in Cambodia to Health Care Services Using mHealth: Economic Evaluation of Mobile Link.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Public payers around the world are increasingly using cost-effectiveness thresholds (CETs) to assess the value-for-money of an intervention and make coverage decisions. However, there is still much confusion about the meaning and uses of the CET, how it should be calculated, and what constitutes an adequate evidence base for its formulation. One widely referenced and used threshold in the last decade has been the 1-3 GDP per capita, which is often attributed to the Commission on Macroeconomics and WHO guidelines on Choosing Interventions that are Cost Effective (WHO-CHOICE). For many reasons, however, this threshold has been widely criticised; which has led experts across the world, including the WHO, to discourage its use. This has left a vacuum for policy-makers and technical staff at a time when countries are wanting to move towards Universal Health Coverage
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.