ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2021
Clinical and Economic Burden of Valley Fever in Arizona: An Incidence-Based Cost-of-Illness Analysis.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Intent to Accept a Valley Fever Vaccine for Humans and Dogs and Factors Influencing Intended Uptake: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Two Endemic Regions.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Drug Discovery and Repurposing forJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Diagnostic Performance of Coccidioidomycosis PCR Testing in Lung Nodules: A Retrospective Study in Central California.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Dancing with the Dust Devil: Examining the Lung Mycobiome of Sonoran Desert Wild Mammals and the Effect ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Development of a novel patient-reported outcome measure for disseminated coccidioidomycosis (valley fever).The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- The Burden of Hospital Illness Associated with Disseminated Versus Isolated Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis in the United States.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Challenges to Implementing a Vaccine for Coccidioidomycosis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The Known and Unknown "Knowns" of Human Susceptibility to Coccidioidomycosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis and Paracoccidioidomycosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Advocating for Coccidioidomycosis to Be a Reportable Disease Nationwide in the United States and Encouraging Disease Surveillance across North and South America.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Improving Early Recognition of Coccidioidomycosis in Urgent Care Clinics: Analysis of an Implemented Education Program.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Immunogenetics associated with severe coccidioidomycosis.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Natural history of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis: Further examination of the VA-Armed Forces Database.Medical mycology · 2022Article
- Coccidioides Species: A Review of Basic Research: 2022.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Vaccines to Prevent Coccidioidomycosis: A Gene-Deletion Mutant of Coccidioides Posadasii as a Viable Candidate for Human Trials.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Update on the Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coccidioidomycosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Economic Burden of Fungal Diseases in the United States.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCoccidioidomycosis, ie, Valley fever, is an important fungal infection in the Southwest, with half to two thirds of all cases occurring in Arizona. This endemic respiratory disease can range from primary uncomplicated pneumonia to disseminated infection such as meningitis with chronic pulmonary complications. Valley fever diagnoses have risen over recent years and cause substantial morbidity and economic burden in Arizona.
methodsWe estimated the lifetime cost-of-illness associated with all cases of Valley fever diagnosed in 2019 in Arizona. Natural history of the disease was determined from literature and expert opinion and assigned costs from national data sources to determine lifetime direct and indirect costs (work loss).
resultsTotal lifetime costs of $736 million were estimated for the 10 359 cases of Valley fever diagnosed in Arizona in 2019. Direct costs of $671 million accounted for over 90% of expenditures, with $65 million in indirect costs. Disseminated infection produces the highest economic burden at $1.26 million direct and $137 400 indirect costs per person. The lowest Valley fever lifetime costs were for cases of primary uncomplicated pneumonia with $23 200 in direct costs and $1300 in lost wages. The average lifetime direct costs across all Valley fever manifestations are $64 800 per person diagnosed in Arizona in 2019 and $6300 for indirect costs.
conclusionsValley fever is responsible for substantial economic burden in Arizona. Our estimates underscore the value of supporting research into developing more rapid diagnostic tests, better therapies, and ultimately a preventative vaccine to address this important public health problem in Arizona.
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