ReviewInfection and drug resistance2021
Encouraging the Development of New Antibiotics: Are Financial Incentives the Right Way Forward? A Systematic Review and Case Study.
Review in Infection and drug resistance, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Antimicrobial resistance of bacterial pathogens isolated from cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Reframing the value of reserve antibiotics: how ultra-orphan reimbursement pathways could offer fair and equitable access to new antibiotics.Health policy OPEN · 2026Article
- Multiple virulence attenuating strategies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Natural, synthetic, and synergistic approaches.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Antibiotic use among patients admitted to tertiary hospitals in Uganda: a trend analysis of 2020-2023 point prevalence surveys.BMJ open · 2026Article
- The Combat Against Antimicrobial Resistance: An Overview of EU Recent Health Policies and Drug Regulations Promoting the Development of New Antimicrobials.Pharmaceutical medicine · 2026Review
- Camellia sinensis-synthesized silver nanoparticles and meropenem combination against extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Physician Antibiotic Prescribing Preferences in Community Acquired Pneumonia and Complicated Urinary Tract Infections: A National Discrete Choice Experiment.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Mechanistic Evaluation of LolA andInternational journal of microbiology · 2026Article
- Protein-Protein Interactions as Promising Molecular Targets for Novel Antimicrobials Aimed at Gram-Negative Bacteria.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Beyond antiparasitic activity: elucidating the antibacterial potency of pyrvinium pamoate.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Metagenome-inspired libraries to engineer phage M13 for targeted killing of Gram-negative bacterial species.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Combating Antimicrobial Resistance: Role of Key Stakeholders with Focus on the Pharmaceutical Sector.Pharmaceutical medicine · 2025Review
- Promising Prodiginins Biological Activities.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2025Review
- An uphill path to commercialization of silver nanoparticle antimicrobials: from bench to market.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Article
- The Changing Landscape of Antibiotic Treatment: Reevaluating Treatment Length in the Age of New Agents.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Genomic and Functional Characterization of Multidrug-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Current economic and regulatory challenges in developing antibiotics for Gram-negative bacteria.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Review
- Tripartite Loops Reverse Antibiotic Resistance.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial activities and beta-lactamase inhibitory property of actinomycetes from Atlas forest soils in Northeastern Algeria.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Novel Antibacterial Approaches and Therapeutic Strategies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an urgent public health threat that has received substantial attention from the world's leading health agencies and national governmental bodies alike. However, despite increasing rates of antibiotic resistance, pharmaceutical companies are reluctant to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers. Nonetheless, only a handful of countries have addressed this by implementing or proposing financial incentive models to promote antibiotic innovation. This study is comprised of a systematic review that aimed to understand which antibiotic incentive strategies are most recommended within the literature and subsequently analyzed these incentives to determine which are most likely to sustainably revitalize the antibiotic pipeline. Through a case study of Canada, we apply our incentive analysis to the Canadian landscape to provide decision-makers with a possible path forward. Based on our findings, we propose that Canada support the ongoing efforts of other countries by implementing a fully delinked subscription-based market entry reward. This paper seeks to spark action in Canada by shifting the national paradigm to one where antibiotic research and development is prioritized as a key element to addressing antibiotic resistance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.