ArticleScientific reports2021
Correlation of staging and risk factors with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with type II diabetes mellitus.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cutoffs, sensitivity and specificity of the Ewing battery in evaluating autonomic nervous system disorders: a systematic review.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of exercise training on cardiac autonomic function in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Utility and best practices for clinical diagnostic testing of the autonomic nervous system: A Consensus Statement Endorsed by the American Autonomic Society and the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2026Review
- From Beat to Risk: How Heart Rate Variability Predicts Arrhythmias in Type 2 Diabetes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Assessing the Impact of BMI and Glycaemic Control on Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Patients with Early and Long-standing Diabetes Mellitus: A Window of Opportunity.Annals of neurosciences · 2025Review
- Study on the Correlation of Skin Advanced Glycation End Products With Diabetic Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- Prevalence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus; investigation of its association with classical cardiovascular risk factors using cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests: a cross-sectional study.The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology · 2021Article
- Device for Controlling Stimulus Self-Application During Autonomic Nervous System Tests.Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- Age and Disease Duration Independent Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Patients with Diabetic Foot Complications: Case-Control Study.Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolismArticle
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The impairment of cardiovascular autonomic control among the underdiagnosed complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) with a high prevalence rate of up to 60% in type 2 DM (T2DM). Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality, arrhythmia, silent ischemia, any major cardiovascular event, and heart failure. We aimed to evaluate cardiovascular autonomic activity by different physiological maneuvers, study risk factors for diabetic CAN including age, gender, duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), and glycemic control, and correlate CAN stage with risk factors. One hundred and forty-two T2DM patients consisted of 62 males and 80 females and 100 volunteers as a control sample. Cardiac autonomic functions were assessed by Ewing's tests. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were also measured. Cardiovascular autonomic functions and Ewing scores were significantly different in people with diabetes when compared with control healthy subjects. Ewings test values and Ewing scores were significantly different between diabetics with and without CAN and within patients with different CAN staging. People with diabetes with CAN have a significantly longer duration of disease when compared to those without CAN. A strong association has been found between CAN severity and patient age, duration of disease, HbA1c severity, and the WHR (P < 0.001) but not with BMI. The duration of disease and HbA1c level appear to be associated with the development of CAN (P = 0.001 and P = 0.008, respectively). The poorer glycemic control and the longer the duration of the disease, the higher the prevalence of CAN in T2DM. Age, duration of disease, WHR, and HbA1c are well correlated with the severity of CAN. Parasympathetic impairment is more sensitive to the detection of autonomic dysfunctions than do sympathetic impairment.
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