ArticleBMC musculoskeletal disorders2021
Additive-manufactured Ti-6Al-4 V/Polyetheretherketone composite porous cage for Interbody fusion: bone growth and biocompatibility evaluation in a porcine model.
Article in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Polymer-Metal Hybrid Composites: An Overview of the Role of Metal Architecture.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The rational design, biofunctionalization and biological properties of orthopedic porous titanium implants: a review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- AI-Driven Data Analysis of Quantifying Environmental Impact and Efficiency of Shape Memory Polymers.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Effect of Interbody Implants on the Biomechanical Behavior of Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Finite Element Study.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2023Article
- A novel biomimetic trabecular bone metal plate for bone repair and osseointegration.Regenerative biomaterials · 2023Article
- 3D-printed polyether-ether-ketone/n-TiOOpen medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2023Article
- Improving osteoinduction and osteogenesis of Ti6Al4V alloy porous scaffold by regulating the pore structure.Frontiers in chemistry · 2023Article
- Evolution of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and titanium interbody devices for spinal procedures: a comprehensive review of the literature.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2022Review
- Corrosion Resistance of 3D Printed Ti6Al4V Gyroid Lattices with Varying Porosity.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Modification of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) physical features to improve osteointegration.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2022Review
- Definition, measurement, and function of pore structure dimensions of bioengineered porous bone tissue materials based on additive manufacturing: A review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe developed a porous Ti alloy/PEEK composite interbody cage by utilizing the advantages of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and titanium alloy (Ti alloy) in combination with additive manufacturing technology.
methodsPorous Ti alloy/PEEK composite cages were manufactured using various controlled porosities. Anterior intervertebral lumbar fusion and posterior augmentation were performed at three vertebral levels on 20 female pigs. Each level was randomly implanted with one of the five cages that were tested: a commercialized pure PEEK cage, a Ti alloy/PEEK composite cage with nonporous Ti alloy endplates, and three composite cages with porosities of 40, 60, and 80%, respectively. Micro-computed tomography (CT), backscattered-electron SEM (BSE-SEM), and histological analyses were performed.
resultsMicro-CT and histological analyses revealed improved bone growth in high-porosity groups. Micro-CT and BSE-SEM demonstrated that structures with high porosities, especially 60 and 80%, facilitated more bone formation inside the implant but not outside the implant. Histological analysis also showed that bone formation was higher in Ti alloy groups than in the PEEK group.
conclusionThe composite cage presents the biological advantages of Ti alloy porous endplates and the mechanical and radiographic advantages of the PEEK central core, which makes it suitable for use as a single implant for intervertebral fusion.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.